Question 1

__________ proposed the continental drift hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Harry Hess 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Charles Lyell 
D)  Alfred Wegener 
A)  Harry Hess 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Charles Lyell 
D)  Alfred Wegener D

Question 2

A geologist measures the amount of seafloor produced along an MOR to be 45 km.The oldest crust produced is 4.5 Ma.What is the spreading rate of the MOR in centimeters per year? Show your work.

Accepted Answer

$\text { First convert km to } \mathrm{cm}: \frac{45 \mathrm{~km}}{1} \times \frac{1000 \mathrm{~m}}{1 \mathrm{~km}} \times \frac{100 \mathrm{~cm}}{1 \mathrm{~m}}=4,500,000 \mathrm{~cm}$

$\text { Convert Ma to yr: } \frac{4.5 \mathrm{Ma}}{1} \times \frac{1,000,000 \mathrm{yr}}{1 \mathrm{ma}}=4,500,000 \mathrm{yr}$

$\text { Plug into } \mathrm{v}=\mathrm{d} / \mathrm{t}:=\frac{4,500,000 \mathrm{~cm}}{4,500,000 \mathrm{yr}}=\frac{\mathrm{cm}}{\mathrm{yr}}$

Question 3

Hot-spot tracks result from moving

Accepted Answer

A)  mantle plumes. 
B)  plates. 
C)  hot spots. 
D)  asthenosphere. 
A)  mantle plumes. 
B)  plates. 
C)  hot spots. 
D)  asthenosphere. B

Question 4

The image below shows a view of a typical segmented mid-ocean ridge.Which letter below marks the location of the active transform fault?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 5

Most of the pushing force driving plate motion is produced

Accepted Answer

A)  at mid-ocean ridges. 
B)  at subduction zones. 
C)  at collision zones. 
D)  in the interiors of continental plates. 
A)  at mid-ocean ridges. 
B)  at subduction zones. 
C)  at collision zones. 
D)  in the interiors of continental plates.

Question 6

__________ proposed seafloor spreading.

Accepted Answer

A)  Harry Hess 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Charles Lyell 
D)  Alfred Wegener 
A)  Harry Hess 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Charles Lyell 
D)  Alfred Wegener

Question 7

Segments of mid-ocean ridge systems are offset.Between the offset segments we observe

Accepted Answer

A)  a second series of ridges,perpendicular to the main set. 
B)  deep-ocean trenches. 
C)  transform boundaries. 
D)  hot spots. 
A)  a second series of ridges,perpendicular to the main set. 
B)  deep-ocean trenches. 
C)  transform boundaries. 
D)  hot spots.

Question 8

Compare and contrast a convergent boundary involving two continental plates with a convergent boundary involving two oceanic plates.

Accepted Answer

At an ocean-ocean convergent plate bound

Question 9

Mid-ocean ridges are segmented and contain which two basic types of plate boundaries linked together?

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent and convergent 
B)  convergent and transform 
C)  divergent and transform 
D)  divergent and hot spot 
A)  divergent and convergent 
B)  convergent and transform 
C)  divergent and transform 
D)  divergent and hot spot

Question 10

Deep-oceanic trenches are features of ________ plate boundaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent 
B)  convergent 
C)  transvergent 
D)  transform 
A)  divergent 
B)  convergent 
C)  transvergent 
D)  transform

Question 11

Which basic type of plate boundary is shown in the image below?

Accepted Answer

A)  Divergent 
B)  Convergent 
C)  Transvergent 
D)  Transform 
A)  Divergent 
B)  Convergent 
C)  Transvergent 
D)  Transform

Question 12

Slab pull occurs because subducting slabs are ________,and therefore ________ dense,than surrounding asthenosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  less mafic; less 
B)  cooler; more 
C)  hotter; more 
D)  cooler; less 
A)  less mafic; less 
B)  cooler; more 
C)  hotter; more 
D)  cooler; less

Question 13

Unlike the lithosphere,the asthenosphere

Accepted Answer

A)  is able to flow over long periods of time. 
B)  has a density similar to the core. 
C)  varies in thickness from place to place. 
D)  is relatively cool. 
A)  is able to flow over long periods of time. 
B)  has a density similar to the core. 
C)  varies in thickness from place to place. 
D)  is relatively cool.

Question 14

Describe the global distribution of earthquakes and provide an explanation for this pattern.

Accepted Answer

Most earthquakes take place along narrow

Question 15

Large,thick-crusted,nonvolcanic mountain belts,like the Himalayas,are associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  mid-ocean ridges. 
B)  hot spots. 
C)  subduction zones. 
D)  continent-continent collisions. 
A)  mid-ocean ridges. 
B)  hot spots. 
C)  subduction zones. 
D)  continent-continent collisions.

Question 16

Which basic type of plate boundary is shown in the image below?

Accepted Answer

A)  Divergent 
B)  Convergent 
C)  Transvergent 
D)  Transform 
A)  Divergent 
B)  Convergent 
C)  Transvergent 
D)  Transform

Question 17

Compared to typical oceanic lithosphere,the thickness of continental lithosphere is

Accepted Answer

A)  less. 
B)  greater. 
C)  approximately the same. 
D)  There is not a consistent pattern of lithospheric thickness. 
A)  less. 
B)  greater. 
C)  approximately the same. 
D)  There is not a consistent pattern of lithospheric thickness.

Question 18

The theory of plate tectonics

Accepted Answer

A)  incorporates and explains continental drift but not seafloor spreading. 
B)  incorporates and explains seafloor spreading but not continental drift. 
C)  incorporates and explains both seafloor spreading and continental drift. 
D)  does not incorporate or explain seafloor spreading or continental drift. 
A)  incorporates and explains continental drift but not seafloor spreading. 
B)  incorporates and explains seafloor spreading but not continental drift. 
C)  incorporates and explains both seafloor spreading and continental drift. 
D)  does not incorporate or explain seafloor spreading or continental drift.

Question 19

Describe the process of seafloor spreading.In your answer,please be sure to address why the diameter of the Earth is not growing.

Accepted Answer

As plates move apart at a divergent plat

Question 20

Most of the pulling force driving plate motion is produced

Accepted Answer

A)  at mid-ocean ridges. 
B)  at subduction zones. 
C)  at collision zones. 
D)  in the interiors of continental plates. 
A)  at mid-ocean ridges. 
B)  at subduction zones. 
C)  at collision zones. 
D)  in the interiors of continental plates.

Exam 4: The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

__________ proposed the continental drift hypothesis.

A geologist measures the amount of seafloor produced along an MOR to be 45 km.The oldest crust produced is 4.5 Ma.What is the spreading rate of the MOR in centimeters per year? Show your work.

Hot-spot tracks result from moving

The image below shows a view of a typical segmented mid-ocean ridge.Which letter below marks the location of the active transform fault?

Most of the pushing force driving plate motion is produced

__________ proposed seafloor spreading.

Segments of mid-ocean ridge systems are offset.Between the offset segments we observe

Compare and contrast a convergent boundary involving two continental plates with a convergent boundary involving two oceanic plates.

Mid-ocean ridges are segmented and contain which two basic types of plate boundaries linked together?

Deep-oceanic trenches are features of ________ plate boundaries.

Which basic type of plate boundary is shown in the image below?

Slab pull occurs because subducting slabs are ________,and therefore ________ dense,than surrounding asthenosphere.

Unlike the lithosphere,the asthenosphere

Describe the global distribution of earthquakes and provide an explanation for this pattern.

Large,thick-crusted,nonvolcanic mountain belts,like the Himalayas,are associated with

Which basic type of plate boundary is shown in the image below?

Compared to typical oceanic lithosphere,the thickness of continental lithosphere is

The theory of plate tectonics

Describe the process of seafloor spreading.In your answer,please be sure to address why the diameter of the Earth is not growing.

Most of the pulling force driving plate motion is produced

Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: the Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

Filters

Slab pull occurs because subducting slabs are ,and therefore dense,than surrounding asthenosphere.