Question 1

Which of the following are most likely to preserve conditions of ancient environments on the Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  intrusive igneous rocks 
B)  extrusive igneous rocks 
C)  metamorphic rocks 
D)  sedimentary rocks 
A)  intrusive igneous rocks 
B)  extrusive igneous rocks 
C)  metamorphic rocks 
D)  sedimentary rocks

Question 2

Chemical sedimentary rocks are classified primarily on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  grain size. 
B)  degree of sorting. 
C)  angularity. 
D)  mineral composition. 
A)  grain size. 
B)  degree of sorting. 
C)  angularity. 
D)  mineral composition.

Question 3

The removal of detritus from weathered rock at an outcrop is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  deposition. 
B)  erosion. 
C)  weathering. 
D)  lithification. 
A)  deposition. 
B)  erosion. 
C)  weathering. 
D)  lithification.

Question 4

Stratification refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of layering within sedimentary rocks. 
B)  the act of deposition of sediment that will ultimately form sedimentary rock. 
C)  physical and chemical alterations,including compaction and cementation,that occur as sediment is transformed into rock. 
D)  the process of breaking down a source rock into smaller pieces called grains. 
A)  the development of layering within sedimentary rocks. 
B)  the act of deposition of sediment that will ultimately form sedimentary rock. 
C)  physical and chemical alterations,including compaction and cementation,that occur as sediment is transformed into rock. 
D)  the process of breaking down a source rock into smaller pieces called grains.

Question 5

Precipitation of gypsum due to evaporation of seawater produces which kind of sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  biochemical 
B)  chemical 
C)  clastic 
D)  organic 
A)  biochemical 
B)  chemical 
C)  clastic 
D)  organic

Question 6

When limestone becomes chemically altered so that half of the calcium atoms are replaced by magnesium,the resultant rock is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  agate. 
B)  dolostone. 
C)  jasper. 
D)  travertine. 
A)  agate. 
B)  dolostone. 
C)  jasper. 
D)  travertine.

Question 7

The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  deposition. 
B)  erosion. 
C)  weathering. 
D)  lithification. 
A)  deposition. 
B)  erosion. 
C)  weathering. 
D)  lithification.

Question 8

In which of the following three basin types might you be able to find oil forming and why? Rift basin,passive-margin basin,and foreland basin.

Accepted Answer

Passive-margin basins are form

Question 9

The image below shows an outcrop of coarse-grained sedimentary rock.Note the rock hammer for scale.What is the name of this rock type?

Accepted Answer

A)  sandstone 
B)  shale 
C)  breccia 
D)  conglomerate 
A)  sandstone 
B)  shale 
C)  breccia 
D)  conglomerate

Question 10

Pulling a block of clay apart,resulting in the middle portion thinning and sinking,is an adequate analogy for

Accepted Answer

A)  passive margins and subsidence. 
B)  foreland basins and diagenesis. 
C)  rift basins and subsidence. 
D)  intercontinental basins and diagenesis. 
A)  passive margins and subsidence. 
B)  foreland basins and diagenesis. 
C)  rift basins and subsidence. 
D)  intercontinental basins and diagenesis.

Question 11

The image below shows ancient dunes exposed in Zion National Park in Utah.Using the interpreted portion of the image at the left,what was the dominant wind direction that formed these sedimentary structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  toward the right 
B)  toward the left 
C)  toward both the left and right 
D)  vertical,both up and down 
A)  toward the right 
B)  toward the left 
C)  toward both the left and right 
D)  vertical,both up and down

Question 12

Chemically precipitated limestone that forms in caves or around hot springs is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  agate. 
B)  dolostone. 
C)  jasper. 
D)  travertine. 
A)  agate. 
B)  dolostone. 
C)  jasper. 
D)  travertine.

Question 13

Consult the figure below.Here,distinct internal laminations are inclined at an angle to the boundary of the main sedimentary layers.These are termed

Accepted Answer

A)  graded beds. 
B)  cross beds. 
C)  horizontal beds. 
D)  tilted beds. 
A)  graded beds. 
B)  cross beds. 
C)  horizontal beds. 
D)  tilted beds.

Question 14

Compaction and cementation of grains occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  erosion. 
B)  lithification. 
C)  transport. 
D)  weathering. 
A)  erosion. 
B)  lithification. 
C)  transport. 
D)  weathering.

Question 15

Diagenesis refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of layering within sedimentary rocks. 
B)  the act of deposition of sediment that will determine the characteristics of and,ultimately,form a sedimentary rock. 
C)  physical and chemical alterations,including compaction and cementation,that occur as sediment is transformed into rock. 
D)  the natural process of separating sediment by grain size. 
A)  the development of layering within sedimentary rocks. 
B)  the act of deposition of sediment that will determine the characteristics of and,ultimately,form a sedimentary rock. 
C)  physical and chemical alterations,including compaction and cementation,that occur as sediment is transformed into rock. 
D)  the natural process of separating sediment by grain size.

Question 16

What type of sediment is typically found in lake bottoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  gravel 
B)  sand 
C)  silt 
D)  clay/mud 
A)  gravel 
B)  sand 
C)  silt 
D)  clay/mud

Question 17

A well-sorted sandstone with asymmetric ripples was most likely deposited as sand by a

Accepted Answer

A)  river (far from source). 
B)  glacier. 
C)  river (near source). 
D)  alluvial fan. 
A)  river (far from source). 
B)  glacier. 
C)  river (near source). 
D)  alluvial fan.

Question 18

As compared with metamorphism,diagenesis

Accepted Answer

A)  means exactly the same thing. 
B)  takes place at lower temperatures and pressures. 
C)  takes place at higher temperatures and pressures. 
D)  takes place at greater depths that are well within the mantle. 
A)  means exactly the same thing. 
B)  takes place at lower temperatures and pressures. 
C)  takes place at higher temperatures and pressures. 
D)  takes place at greater depths that are well within the mantle.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding biochemical chert?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is massive (lacking layers). 
B)  It is made of cryptocrystalline quartz. 
C)  It is made of aragonite shell fragments. 
D)  It is composed of the minerals calcite and dolomite. 
A)  It is massive (lacking layers). 
B)  It is made of cryptocrystalline quartz. 
C)  It is made of aragonite shell fragments. 
D)  It is composed of the minerals calcite and dolomite.

Question 20

The primary difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate

Accepted Answer

A)  is finer-grained than breccia. 
B)  is coarser-grained than breccia. 
C)  possesses more angular grains than breccia. 
D)  possesses more rounded grains than breccia. 
A)  is finer-grained than breccia. 
B)  is coarser-grained than breccia. 
C)  possesses more angular grains than breccia. 
D)  possesses more rounded grains than breccia.

Exam 7: Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Which of the following are most likely to preserve conditions of ancient environments on the Earth?

Chemical sedimentary rocks are classified primarily on the basis of

The removal of detritus from weathered rock at an outcrop is termed

Stratification refers to

Precipitation of gypsum due to evaporation of seawater produces which kind of sedimentary rock?

When limestone becomes chemically altered so that half of the calcium atoms are replaced by magnesium,the resultant rock is termed

The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed

In which of the following three basin types might you be able to find oil forming and why? Rift basin,passive-margin basin,and foreland basin.

The image below shows an outcrop of coarse-grained sedimentary rock.Note the rock hammer for scale.What is the name of this rock type?

Pulling a block of clay apart,resulting in the middle portion thinning and sinking,is an adequate analogy for

The image below shows ancient dunes exposed in Zion National Park in Utah.Using the interpreted portion of the image at the left,what was the dominant wind direction that formed these sedimentary structures?

Chemically precipitated limestone that forms in caves or around hot springs is termed

Consult the figure below.Here,distinct internal laminations are inclined at an angle to the boundary of the main sedimentary layers.These are termed

Compaction and cementation of grains occurs during

Diagenesis refers to

What type of sediment is typically found in lake bottoms?

A well-sorted sandstone with asymmetric ripples was most likely deposited as sand by a

As compared with metamorphism,diagenesis

Which of the following is true regarding biochemical chert?

The primary difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate

Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: the Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

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