Question 1

Regularly spaced joints in an outcrop may indicate that an area ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is under intense shear stress 
B)  has experienced tension 
C)  is underlain by a thrust fault 
D)  is underlain by a magma body 
A)  is under intense shear stress 
B)  has experienced tension 
C)  is underlain by a thrust fault 
D)  is underlain by a magma body

Question 2

It is possible for offset along an oblique-slip fault to have both ________ and ________ components.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal; reverse 
B)  right-lateral; left-lateral 
C)  normal; left-lateral 
D)  reverse; thrust 
A)  normal; reverse 
B)  right-lateral; left-lateral 
C)  normal; left-lateral 
D)  reverse; thrust

Question 3

What can be said about the rates of uplift and erosion in a mountain that is gaining elevation? In a mountain decreasing in elevation? What is the ultimate fate of all mountains on the Earth?

Accepted Answer

If a mountain is increasing in elevation

Question 4

A body of rock affected by compressive stress will likely undergo ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  shortening 
B)  stretching 
C)  shear strain 
D)  rotation 
A)  shortening 
B)  stretching 
C)  shear strain 
D)  rotation

Question 5

__________ is the balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoyancy provided by the underlying mantle.

Accepted Answer

A)  Delamination 
B)  Suture 
C)  Isostasy 
D)  Orogen 
A)  Delamination 
B)  Suture 
C)  Isostasy 
D)  Orogen

Question 6

Draw a cross section of a normal and reverse fault.For each,list the stress involved and change in the length of the crust,if any.

Accepted Answer

@#IMG-DLM& Normal faults form in respons

Question 7

There are many ways in which uplift can occur,but all of them reflect ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  compressional forces 
B)  the effects of weathering and erosion 
C)  subduction zone processes 
D)  the lithosphere's tendency to achieve isostasy 
A)  compressional forces 
B)  the effects of weathering and erosion 
C)  subduction zone processes 
D)  the lithosphere's tendency to achieve isostasy

Question 8

Right-lateral and left-lateral are both examples of ________ faults.

Accepted Answer

A)  strike-slip 
B)  dip-slip 
C)  oblique-slip 
D)  reverse 
A)  strike-slip 
B)  dip-slip 
C)  oblique-slip 
D)  reverse

Question 9

Which of these is NOT one of the components of deformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  displacement 
B)  rotation 
C)  distortion 
D)  dissolution 
A)  displacement 
B)  rotation 
C)  distortion 
D)  dissolution

Question 10

The formation of the Basin and Range Province,a fault-blocked mountain range in Utah,Nevada,and Arizona,is associated with which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  continental rifting 
B)  continental collision 
C)  fold and thrust faulting 
D)  subduction zone volcanism 
A)  continental rifting 
B)  continental collision 
C)  fold and thrust faulting 
D)  subduction zone volcanism

Question 11

Which of these features would NOT help a geologist recognize a fault?

Accepted Answer

A)  different rock units juxtaposed against each other 
B)  a small step on the landscape 
C)  a shattered rock consisting of visible angular fragments 
D)  regularly spaced quartz veins 
A)  different rock units juxtaposed against each other 
B)  a small step on the landscape 
C)  a shattered rock consisting of visible angular fragments 
D)  regularly spaced quartz veins

Question 12

The distinction between joints and faults is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  faults are joints that are greater than one square meter in areal extent 
B)  faults are fractures along which displacement has occurred; displacement does not occur along joints 
C)  joints are fractures along which displacement has occurred; displacement does not occur along faults 
D)  there is no distinction; the two terms are synonymous 
A)  faults are joints that are greater than one square meter in areal extent 
B)  faults are fractures along which displacement has occurred; displacement does not occur along joints 
C)  joints are fractures along which displacement has occurred; displacement does not occur along faults 
D)  there is no distinction; the two terms are synonymous

Question 13

What is the primary reason why mountains substantially taller than Mt.Everest are unlikely to arise on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  The high geothermal gradient in the crust causes mountains to collapse under their own weight. 
B)  Exhumation proceeds faster than uplift. 
C)  Extreme elevations cause chemical weathering to outpace uplift. 
D)  Uplift is limited by the rate of subduction. 
A)  The high geothermal gradient in the crust causes mountains to collapse under their own weight. 
B)  Exhumation proceeds faster than uplift. 
C)  Extreme elevations cause chemical weathering to outpace uplift. 
D)  Uplift is limited by the rate of subduction.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an example of deformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  faults 
B)  folds 
C)  foliation 
D)  stratification 
A)  faults 
B)  folds 
C)  foliation 
D)  stratification

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of the Appalachian Mountains?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Appalachian Mountains first formed during the continental collision that resulted in the formation of Pangaea. 
B)  The Appalachian Mountains are the result of the extension that formed the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 
C)  The Appalachian Mountains are an accreted terrain,formed during subduction that preceded modern tectonics. 
D)  The Appalachian Mountains include remnants of structures and rocks that formed during three distinct collisional orogenies. 
A)  The Appalachian Mountains first formed during the continental collision that resulted in the formation of Pangaea. 
B)  The Appalachian Mountains are the result of the extension that formed the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 
C)  The Appalachian Mountains are an accreted terrain,formed during subduction that preceded modern tectonics. 
D)  The Appalachian Mountains include remnants of structures and rocks that formed during three distinct collisional orogenies.

Question 16

The term for a change in shape induced by stress is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plastic deformation 
B)  pressure release 
C)  strain 
D)  metamorphosis 
A)  plastic deformation 
B)  pressure release 
C)  strain 
D)  metamorphosis

Question 17

If a fault plane is greater than 35° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block,the fault is called a ________ fault.

Accepted Answer

A)  detachment 
B)  normal 
C)  reverse 
D)  thrust 
A)  detachment 
B)  normal 
C)  reverse 
D)  thrust

Question 18

Force per unit area is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stress 
B)  strain 
C)  power 
D)  work 
A)  stress 
B)  strain 
C)  power 
D)  work

Question 19

Under which condition would a body of rock be most likely to exhibit brittle behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  slow rate of deformation 
B)  low temperature 
C)  high temperature 
D)  high pressure 
A)  slow rate of deformation 
B)  low temperature 
C)  high temperature 
D)  high pressure

Question 20

A geologist's compass differs from the more widely known orienteering compass in that the geologist's compass ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  possesses an inclinometer,allowing the user to measure dip and plunge angles 
B)  contains a barometer that warns the geologist of approaching storms 
C)  can chemically analyze rock samples in the field 
D)  needle points directly toward geographic north rather than geomagnetic north 
A)  possesses an inclinometer,allowing the user to measure dip and plunge angles 
B)  contains a barometer that warns the geologist of approaching storms 
C)  can chemically analyze rock samples in the field 
D)  needle points directly toward geographic north rather than geomagnetic north

Exam 11: Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Regularly spaced joints in an outcrop may indicate that an area ________.

It is possible for offset along an oblique-slip fault to have both ________ and ________ components.

What can be said about the rates of uplift and erosion in a mountain that is gaining elevation? In a mountain decreasing in elevation? What is the ultimate fate of all mountains on the Earth?

A body of rock affected by compressive stress will likely undergo ________.

__________ is the balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoyancy provided by the underlying mantle.

Draw a cross section of a normal and reverse fault.For each,list the stress involved and change in the length of the crust,if any.

There are many ways in which uplift can occur,but all of them reflect ________.

Right-lateral and left-lateral are both examples of ________ faults.

Which of these is NOT one of the components of deformation?

The formation of the Basin and Range Province,a fault-blocked mountain range in Utah,Nevada,and Arizona,is associated with which of the following processes?

Which of these features would NOT help a geologist recognize a fault?

The distinction between joints and faults is that ________.

What is the primary reason why mountains substantially taller than Mt.Everest are unlikely to arise on Earth?

Which of the following is NOT an example of deformation?

Which of the following statements is true of the Appalachian Mountains?

The term for a change in shape induced by stress is ________.

If a fault plane is greater than 35° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block,the fault is called a ________ fault.

Force per unit area is termed ________.

Under which condition would a body of rock be most likely to exhibit brittle behavior?

A geologist's compass differs from the more widely known orienteering compass in that the geologist's compass ________.

Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: the Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

Filters

It is possible for offset along an oblique-slip fault to have both and components.