Question 1

Which of the following is the BEST example of an organic coast?

Accepted Answer

A)  gently sloping,well-developed beach 
B)  wave-cut platform 
C)  shoreline that has just received beach nourishment 
D)  shallow coral reef 
A)  gently sloping,well-developed beach 
B)  wave-cut platform 
C)  shoreline that has just received beach nourishment 
D)  shallow coral reef

Question 2

A coast that grows seaward as a result of regular sedimentation is a(n)__________

Accepted Answer

A)  active continental margin. 
B)  erosional coast. 
C)  accretionary coast. 
D)  coastal plain. 
A)  active continental margin. 
B)  erosional coast. 
C)  accretionary coast. 
D)  coastal plain.

Question 3

The Florida coast is an example of a(n): ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  emergent coast 
B)  submergent coast 
C)  continental slope 
D)  abyssal plain 
A)  emergent coast 
B)  submergent coast 
C)  continental slope 
D)  abyssal plain

Question 4

The sea surface salinity is ________ at the mouth of the Amazon River and ________ in the Dead Sea.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; low 
B)  high; low 
C)  low; high 
D)  high; high 
A)  low; low 
B)  high; low 
C)  low; high 
D)  high; high

Question 5

Why is the surface salinity in the tropics so much higher than that of the equator or high latitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a higher evaporation rate in the tropics. 
B)  There is a higher rate of precipitation in the tropics. 
C)  There are more continents in the tropics,and thus more sediment weathered. 
D)  There is a large influx of freshwater from rivers along the equator. 
A)  There is a higher evaporation rate in the tropics. 
B)  There is a higher rate of precipitation in the tropics. 
C)  There are more continents in the tropics,and thus more sediment weathered. 
D)  There is a large influx of freshwater from rivers along the equator.

Question 6

Which of the following features is characteristic of a rocky coast?

Accepted Answer

A)  sand spits 
B)  sea stacks 
C)  lagoons 
D)  accretionary prisms 
A)  sand spits 
B)  sea stacks 
C)  lagoons 
D)  accretionary prisms

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in an emergent coast?

Accepted Answer

A)  global sea level rise 
B)  uplift associated with active margin tectonics 
C)  subsidence of the shoreline caused by near-shore removal of groundwater 
D)  the formation of a near-shore coral reef 
A)  global sea level rise 
B)  uplift associated with active margin tectonics 
C)  subsidence of the shoreline caused by near-shore removal of groundwater 
D)  the formation of a near-shore coral reef

Question 8

If a beach is in an east-west orientation and the waves are approaching the shore from the southeast,in which direction will the longshore drift be?

Accepted Answer

A)  northern 
B)  western 
C)  southern 
D)  eastern 
A)  northern 
B)  western 
C)  southern 
D)  eastern

Question 9

Compared with the continental lithosphere,the oceanic lithosphere is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thicker 
B)  thinner 
C)  approximately the same thickness 
D)  exactly five times thinner 
A)  thicker 
B)  thinner 
C)  approximately the same thickness 
D)  exactly five times thinner

Question 10

What is the average percentage of dissolved salt in seawater?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5% 
B)  3.5% 
C)  5.5% 
D)  6.5% 
A)  1.5% 
B)  3.5% 
C)  5.5% 
D)  6.5%

Question 11

How is an erosional coast different from an accretionary coast?

Accepted Answer

Erosional coasts form where wave erosion

Question 12

Draw a representation of the motion of an ocean wave in cross-section.Your illustration should include labels for the following: amplitude,wavelength,wave height,crest,trough,and directional arrows.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a representation of the motion of...

Question 13

The process of reef bleaching occurs when __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reefs lose their color and die in response to warming of seawater 
B)  reefs lose their color following sedimentation due to a large storm 
C)  reefs are exposed to too much sunlight 
D)  overfishing causes a decrease in species diversity 
A)  reefs lose their color and die in response to warming of seawater 
B)  reefs lose their color following sedimentation due to a large storm 
C)  reefs are exposed to too much sunlight 
D)  overfishing causes a decrease in species diversity

Question 14

Rip currents ________ the shoreline.

Accepted Answer

A)  flow directly toward 
B)  flow directly away from 
C)  flow parallel to 
D)  are not affected by 
A)  flow directly toward 
B)  flow directly away from 
C)  flow parallel to 
D)  are not affected by

Question 15

Barrier islands are constantly moving in the direction of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the longshore drift 
B)  the open ocean 
C)  downwelling 
D)  the Coriolis effect 
A)  the longshore drift 
B)  the open ocean 
C)  downwelling 
D)  the Coriolis effect

Question 16

Thermohaline circulation carries ________ water from the poles to the equator,where the water becomes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  warm; cold 
B)  cold; warm 
C)  low density; more dense 
D)  low density; more salty 
A)  warm; cold 
B)  cold; warm 
C)  low density; more dense 
D)  low density; more salty

Question 17

In the figure below,which letters represent the wave height and wavelength?

Accepted Answer

A)  B and E 
B)  E and D 
C)  C and E 
D)  B and C 
A)  B and E 
B)  E and D 
C)  C and E 
D)  B and C

Question 18

You have been given the extraordinary opportunity to take Alvin (a submersible)down into the Atlantic Ocean to examine how the seafloor sediments have changed throughout geologic history.Which of the following locations would yield the most information?

Accepted Answer

A)  down along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 
B)  any spot in the abyssal plain 
C)  just off the coast of Iceland 
D)  just off the coast of North America 
A)  down along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 
B)  any spot in the abyssal plain 
C)  just off the coast of Iceland 
D)  just off the coast of North America

Question 19

You are running a sonar survey to map the bathymetry of an ocean basin.Using the following continuous sonar data giving the depth of the seafloor in meters,what feature have you just discovered? $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline 3071 & 3011 & 2891 & 2846 & 2756 & 2577 & 2532 & 2487 & 2502 & 2577 & 2756 & 2921 & 3041 \
\hline
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

A)  an abyssal plain 
B)  a deep trench 
C)  a mid-ocean ridge 
D)  a continental shelf 
A)  an abyssal plain 
B)  a deep trench 
C)  a mid-ocean ridge 
D)  a continental shelf

Question 20

Structures-like jetties,groins,and breakwaters-that are designed to prevent beach erosion __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are permanent solutions that protect erosional beaches 
B)  must be built in conjunction with beach nourishment 
C)  are a temporary solution that decreases the rate of beach erosion 
D)  have the added benefit of allowing organic coasts to develop 
A)  are permanent solutions that protect erosional beaches 
B)  must be built in conjunction with beach nourishment 
C)  are a temporary solution that decreases the rate of beach erosion 
D)  have the added benefit of allowing organic coasts to develop

Exam 18: Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

Which of the following is the BEST example of an organic coast?

A coast that grows seaward as a result of regular sedimentation is a(n)__________

The Florida coast is an example of a(n): ________.

The sea surface salinity is ________ at the mouth of the Amazon River and ________ in the Dead Sea.

Why is the surface salinity in the tropics so much higher than that of the equator or high latitudes?

Which of the following features is characteristic of a rocky coast?

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in an emergent coast?

If a beach is in an east-west orientation and the waves are approaching the shore from the southeast,in which direction will the longshore drift be?

Compared with the continental lithosphere,the oceanic lithosphere is ________.

What is the average percentage of dissolved salt in seawater?

How is an erosional coast different from an accretionary coast?

Draw a representation of the motion of an ocean wave in cross-section.Your illustration should include labels for the following: amplitude,wavelength,wave height,crest,trough,and directional arrows.

The process of reef bleaching occurs when __________.

Rip currents ________ the shoreline.

Barrier islands are constantly moving in the direction of ________.

Thermohaline circulation carries ________ water from the poles to the equator,where the water becomes ________.

In the figure below,which letters represent the wave height and wavelength?

You have been given the extraordinary opportunity to take Alvin (a submersible)down into the Atlantic Ocean to examine how the seafloor sediments have changed throughout geologic history.Which of the following locations would yield the most information?

You are running a sonar survey to map the bathymetry of an ocean basin.Using the following continuous sonar data giving the depth of the seafloor in meters,what feature have you just discovered? 3071 3011 2891 2846 2756 2577 2532 2487 2502 2577 2756 2921 3041

Structures-like jetties,groins,and breakwaters-that are designed to prevent beach erosion __________.

Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: the Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

Filters

The sea surface salinity is at the mouth of the Amazon River and in the Dead Sea.

Thermohaline circulation carries water from the poles to the equator,where the water becomes .