Question 1

Glacial ice cores can be used to determine the atmospheric concentration of CO2 during the Earth's history.How do scientists come up with these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  They use the thickness of the ice layers to determine how much CO2 was in the atmosphere. 
B)  They melt the ice and measure how much carbon was trapped in the ice. 
C)  They record changes in the shape of ice crystals to determine the paleoclimate. 
D)  They break the ice apart,release the air trapped in bubbles,and then measure the gases. 
A)  They use the thickness of the ice layers to determine how much CO2 was in the atmosphere. 
B)  They melt the ice and measure how much carbon was trapped in the ice. 
C)  They record changes in the shape of ice crystals to determine the paleoclimate. 
D)  They break the ice apart,release the air trapped in bubbles,and then measure the gases.

Question 2

The formation of continental glaciers ____________ the weight of the lithosphere causing it to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; subside 
B)  increases; uplift 
C)  decreases; subside 
D)  decreases; uplift 
A)  increases; subside 
B)  increases; uplift 
C)  decreases; subside 
D)  decreases; uplift

Question 3

By increasing the albedo of the Earth,global ice sheets produce conditions that are ________ to their further advance,thus providing an example of ________ feedback.

Accepted Answer

A)  detrimental; positive 
B)  detrimental; negative 
C)  favorable; positive 
D)  favorable; negative 
A)  detrimental; positive 
B)  detrimental; negative 
C)  favorable; positive 
D)  favorable; negative

Question 4

Which types of features would you find in a glacially eroded landscape?

Accepted Answer

A)  eskers,drumlins,cirques,and kettles 
B)  cirques,arêtes,horns,and moraines 
C)  cirques,arêtes,kettles,and tarns 
D)  drumlins,ground moraines,and arêtes 
A)  eskers,drumlins,cirques,and kettles 
B)  cirques,arêtes,horns,and moraines 
C)  cirques,arêtes,kettles,and tarns 
D)  drumlins,ground moraines,and arêtes

Question 5

Wind blows finer particles long distances from glacial environments,where they settle out to form ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  firn 
B)  loess 
C)  outwash 
D)  till 
A)  firn 
B)  loess 
C)  outwash 
D)  till

Question 6

Glacial ice exhibits ________ behavior near the top but ________ behavior at a depth of more than 60 m.

Accepted Answer

A)  brittle; plastic 
B)  plastic; brittle 
C)  solid; elastic 
D)  plastic; elastic 
A)  brittle; plastic 
B)  plastic; brittle 
C)  solid; elastic 
D)  plastic; elastic

Question 7

A bowl-shaped depression formed by a mountain glacier is termed a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A)  arête 
B)  cirque 
C)  horn 
D)  tarn 
A)  arête 
B)  cirque 
C)  horn 
D)  tarn

Question 8

Today,continental glaciers are limited to Antarctica and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Alaska 
B)  Greenland 
C)  Canada 
D)  Siberia 
A)  Alaska 
B)  Greenland 
C)  Canada 
D)  Siberia

Question 9

An angular peak surrounded by three or more bowl-shaped depressions formed by a mountain glacier is termed a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A)  arête 
B)  cirque 
C)  horn 
D)  tarn 
A)  arête 
B)  cirque 
C)  horn 
D)  tarn

Question 10

When the sea level rises,causing the ocean to fill a glacially carved valley,a ________ results.

Accepted Answer

A)  cirque 
B)  tarn 
C)  fjord 
D)  estuary 
A)  cirque 
B)  tarn 
C)  fjord 
D)  estuary

Question 11

If glaciers carry a mixture of different clast sizes,why are glacial outwash deposits layered?

Accepted Answer

A)  because clasts fall out of the glacier in size progression 
B)  because gravity pulls out only the smallest particles 
C)  because glacial outwash is formed from the bottom of the glacier 
D)  because the glacier does not deposit the sediments; the river does 
A)  because clasts fall out of the glacier in size progression 
B)  because gravity pulls out only the smallest particles 
C)  because glacial outwash is formed from the bottom of the glacier 
D)  because the glacier does not deposit the sediments; the river does

Question 12

What are the circumstances that lead to glacial advance versus glacial retreat? Most glaciers today are in retreat.What does this imply about the glaciers and their environment?

Accepted Answer

In order for a glacier to advance there

Question 13

A hanging valley is formed when a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller glacially carved valley intersects with a larger glacially carved valley 
B)  smaller stream-cut valley intersects with a larger stream-cut valley 
C)  smaller stream-cut valley intersects with a larger glacially carved valley 
D)  stream-cut valley is on the upthrust side of a normal fault 
A)  smaller glacially carved valley intersects with a larger glacially carved valley 
B)  smaller stream-cut valley intersects with a larger stream-cut valley 
C)  smaller stream-cut valley intersects with a larger glacially carved valley 
D)  stream-cut valley is on the upthrust side of a normal fault

Question 14

Ice is a substance with a high albedo,which means it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  requires much heat to raise its temperature by 1°C 
B)  absorbs most of the light that falls on it 
C)  reflects most of the light that falls on it 
D)  strongly refracts the light that falls on it 
A)  requires much heat to raise its temperature by 1°C 
B)  absorbs most of the light that falls on it 
C)  reflects most of the light that falls on it 
D)  strongly refracts the light that falls on it

Question 15

What happens to global sea level during times of increased glaciation? During interglacial periods? Why?

Accepted Answer

Sea level falls during times of increase

Question 16

During the Pleistocene Ice Age,all the climate belts of the northern hemisphere shifted to the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  north 
B)  south 
C)  east 
D)  west 
A)  north 
B)  south 
C)  east 
D)  west

Question 17

Cirques,horns,and arêtes form due to glacial ________,whereas moraines,erratics,and till form from glacial ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  erosion; deposition 
B)  deposition; carving 
C)  retreat; advance 
D)  erosion; sublimation 
A)  erosion; deposition 
B)  deposition; carving 
C)  retreat; advance 
D)  erosion; sublimation

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of flowing water and glacial ice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both flowing water and glacial ice are capable of sorting sediments based on clast size. 
B)  Flowing water will sort sediment based on clast size; glacial ice will not. 
C)  Glacial ice will sort sediment based on clast size; flowing water will not. 
D)  Neither flowing water nor glacial ice will sort sediment based on clast size. 
A)  Both flowing water and glacial ice are capable of sorting sediments based on clast size. 
B)  Flowing water will sort sediment based on clast size; glacial ice will not. 
C)  Glacial ice will sort sediment based on clast size; flowing water will not. 
D)  Neither flowing water nor glacial ice will sort sediment based on clast size.

Question 19

Describe what you would expect to see in glacial till deposit.Why?

Accepted Answer

A glacial till deposit would c

Question 20

The Milankovitch cycles describe the change in ________ because of changes in the ________ of the Earth relative to the Sun.

Accepted Answer

A)  greenhouse gases; tilt 
B)  eccentricity; orientation 
C)  albedo; precession 
D)  solar insolation; orientation 
A)  greenhouse gases; tilt 
B)  eccentricity; orientation 
C)  albedo; precession 
D)  solar insolation; orientation

Exam 22: Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Glacial ice cores can be used to determine the atmospheric concentration of CO2 during the Earth's history.How do scientists come up with these data?

The formation of continental glaciers ____________ the weight of the lithosphere causing it to __________.

By increasing the albedo of the Earth,global ice sheets produce conditions that are ________ to their further advance,thus providing an example of ________ feedback.

Which types of features would you find in a glacially eroded landscape?

Wind blows finer particles long distances from glacial environments,where they settle out to form ________.

Glacial ice exhibits ________ behavior near the top but ________ behavior at a depth of more than 60 m.

A bowl-shaped depression formed by a mountain glacier is termed a(n)________.

Today,continental glaciers are limited to Antarctica and ________.

An angular peak surrounded by three or more bowl-shaped depressions formed by a mountain glacier is termed a(n)________.

When the sea level rises,causing the ocean to fill a glacially carved valley,a ________ results.

If glaciers carry a mixture of different clast sizes,why are glacial outwash deposits layered?

What are the circumstances that lead to glacial advance versus glacial retreat? Most glaciers today are in retreat.What does this imply about the glaciers and their environment?

A hanging valley is formed when a ________.

Ice is a substance with a high albedo,which means it ________.

What happens to global sea level during times of increased glaciation? During interglacial periods? Why?

During the Pleistocene Ice Age,all the climate belts of the northern hemisphere shifted to the __________.

Cirques,horns,and arêtes form due to glacial ________,whereas moraines,erratics,and till form from glacial ________.

Which of the following statements is true of flowing water and glacial ice?

Describe what you would expect to see in glacial till deposit.Why?

The Milankovitch cycles describe the change in ________ because of changes in the ________ of the Earth relative to the Sun.

Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: the Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

Filters

Glacial ice cores can be used to determine the atmospheric concentration of CO₂ during the Earth's history.How do scientists come up with these data?

The formation of continental glaciers __ the weight of the lithosphere causing it to .

By increasing the albedo of the Earth,global ice sheets produce conditions that are to their further advance,thus providing an example of feedback.

Glacial ice exhibits behavior near the top but behavior at a depth of more than 60 m.

Cirques,horns,and arêtes form due to glacial ,whereas moraines,erratics,and till form from glacial .

The Milankovitch cycles describe the change in because of changes in the of the Earth relative to the Sun.