Exam 1: D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

Critical thinking should involve

Our lack of awareness of our own biases,coupled with an acute awareness of others' biases,is called

Scientific skepticism demands that we __________ evidence that another theory is __________.

Which theorist and perspective is correctly matched?

According to the authors,one reason to be wary of programs that promise to teach you speed reading techniques in return for money is that such claims do not fit with the available data on information processing and memory.This is consistent with the pseudoscience sin known as

What technique involves trained observers who carefully reflect and report on their own mental experiences?

Psychology was once similar to which of the following disciplines?

If a person were to say that a scientific finding was replicated,he or she would be saying that the finding was

Anecdotes are severely limited in all of the following ways except

Initial reports in the media that listening to classical music made students more intelligent were followed by several failed attempts to reproduce the effects in the laboratories of other researchers.This is an example of the failure to

To believe that everyone admitted to a mental institution is necessarily crazy (or they wouldn't be there)demonstrates

Thinking skeptically requires that one rely on

Claims that involve the existence of God,the soul,or the afterlife reflect __________ claims that are __________.

What psychological school of thought was most concerned with the influence of external factors on an organism's or a person's actions?

Drawing conclusions based on insufficient evidence represents the __________ fallacy.

A key characteristic of a good scientific theory is that it is a simple explanatory device.This key characteristic is explained as the critical thinking principle of

You are asked by a friend to tell him whether a colour is either black or white.When you look at it,you think it is neither of these two extremes but is more a shade of grey.Your friend's question is an example of the __________ fallacy.

If researchers cannot replicate a particular finding (e.g. ,that heavy metal music played backwards leads to suicidal or aggressive thoughts),this means that their results

When people watch a debate,they often point out the internal contradictions,flaws in logic,and hypocrisy in positions they oppose while glossing over the same shortcomings for positions they support.This is an example of

The phrase "black box psychology" is associated with which theoretical framework?