Exam 1: D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

The major difference between pseudoscience and science is that

To explain a wide range of observations,a psychologist might make mention to a(n)

If a researcher's initial findings that a particular relationship or effect exists are not reliably demonstrated by other independent researchers,how are these initial findings thought of in the discipline of psychology?

The tendency to look for supportive evidence rather than actively seeking out contradictory evidence is known as

Jerry puts his child in daycare while he works,whereas Janine stays home from work to look after her child.When told about research that suggests that daycare has negative effects on children,Jerry is angry and refuses to believe the study is accurate,whereas Janine wholeheartedly agrees with the outcome of the study.This example reflects what type of logical fallacy?

According to the authors,psychology is a method for

A great amount of evidence is required whenever one makes

Suppose you were one of the early graduate students in the newly developed field of psychology.Your mentor is interested in discovering the answers to questions such as "Why is the ability to forget helpful?" "How do emotions assist us in social situations?" and "Why is self-presentation a useful technique for gaining social rewards?" Your mentor's approach is most consistent with the __________ perspective.

Pseudoscientific claims tend not to be based on research findings that already exist.Which warning sign of pseudoscience does this reflect?

Who claimed that science and religion are entirely different and nonoverlapping realms of understanding the world,where science deals with testable claims about the natural world and religion deals with untestable claims about moral values?

What early psychologist was most concerned with developing answers to basic questions about our mental experiences?

Researchers in Taiwan have found that contraceptive use was strongly related to the number of electrical appliances (i.e. ,toaster,fans,etc. )in the home.What is the best explanation for this result?

Johanna is a researcher in Spain,where she conducts research on how Spanish culture shapes body image in young Spanish teenaged girls.Johanna is using a(n)__________ approach to cross-cultural psychology.

Michael says that he is not racist,yet he avoids certain areas of his city because they are very ethnic neighbourhoods and he says he does not feel safe.In this example,Michael is demonstrating a phenomenon called __________.

Confusing the origin of a belief with its correctness is a fallacy based on

Pseudoscientific treatments such as __________ may cause more harm than good,and can even lead to death,as in the Candace Newmaker case.

Principles of critical thinking are to __________ as the warning signs of pseudoscience are to __________.

Pair up the philosopher with the type of prediction needed to best evaluate the soundness of your hypotheses.

Which of the following claims is not falsifiable?

The idea that proponents of speed-reading courses or facilitated communication hold stubbornly to their beliefs despite contradictory evidence relates to what warning sign of pseudoscience?