Exam 1: D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

"If you want to blame anyone for sex differences,it would be Mother Nature.If men were supposed to look after children,then they would feel inclined to do so.But since women are more inclined to do so,then they simply should do it.It's just like they say it is." This example highlights the __________ fallacy.

Occam's razor is another name for what critical thinking principle?

You are listening in on a discussion among a group of psychology majors.One major says that field will only move forward if we use objective methods for understanding the principles that guide human actions.This statement is most consistent with

When a psychologist mentions the term scientific theory,he or she is referring to something that

Police interrogators often assume that persons brought in for questioning have important knowledge about the crime in question.If this leads an interrogator to ask questions that assume the guilt of a particular individual rather than asking questions that would exonerate him or her,__________ may occur.

Nico is meeting with his academic adviser.He wishes to pursue a career where he'll work to diagnose and treat mental disorders.Nico aspires to be a(n)

Members of the scientific community believe that psychology is best considered to be a

Our investment of time,energy,and effort in a questionable treatment that can lead people to forfeit the chance to obtain an effective treatment is called

Suppose you hear that Mr.Banker was arrested for stealing money;to your friends,you have few good things to say about Mr.Banker.But at the trial,the charges are shown to be false.However,you are still suspicious and wary of Mr.Banker.This is an example of

Suppose Dr.Honeydew is proposing a theory of attraction that posits that "Opposites Attract." Most of the available evidence suggests that "Birds of a Feather Flock Together" (i.e. ,similarities attract rather than opposites attract).For his theory to be accepted by the scientific community,Dr.Honeydew will need to

We trust our common sense and may believe in popular psychology claims because we are prone to

One explanation for why people are drawn to pseudoscience or to specific pseudoscientific beliefs is that many people

In science,an explanatory device for scientific findings is called a(n)

__________ refers to the tendency to perceive relationships or similarities between meaningless data/events/objects.

Dr.Puffer has conducted a correlational study and reported that smoking causes depression.He has failed to consider that both smoking and depression could be caused by some other variable,such as temperament or stress.This scenario reflects what problem within the correlation-causation fallacy?

__________ is an entity that can take on different values or properties.

Which of the following ideas is the most compelling evidence against the idea of free will?

An astute observer of human nature should state research questions in a manner that leads either to their being supported or refuted by the available evidence.This is the critical thinking principle of

A basic error that nearly all beginning psychology students make is to assume that

Confusing an idea's real world consequences with its validity is a fallacy known as