Exam 1: D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

Dr.Cunningham finds that people who take herbal supplements that profess to improve memory scored,on average,15 percent higher on a memory test relative to groups who did not take herbal supplements or placebos.However,other researchers have tried to study this effect and have not duplicated his findings.What principle of critical thinking does this example demonstrate the importance of?

The greatest proportion of psychologists are found working

Suppose a child watches an adult throw a doll at the wall,immediately followed by a harsh scolding by another adult.When left alone with the doll,the child does not play with it aggressively.Before you reach a conclusion that the child has learned that aggressive behaviour leads to a scolding,you think that perhaps the child simply did not learn the aggressive behaviour and thus couldn't demonstrate it.By this,you have demonstrated the need to

Unlike science and pseudoscience,metaphysics involves claims that are always

__________ offers safeguards against cognitive biases;__________ does not.

A key aspect of scientific skepticism is

What famous American psychologist heavily influenced the field of advertising?

What early American psychologist yearned to create a periodic table of the elements of consciousness?

What individual is often credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory,thus establishing psychology as an experimental science?

Which of the following is found in science but not in pseudoscience?

If you were to do a presentation on "Psychology's Great Debates," you would be most likely to make which of the following points?

Someone who accepts claims on the basis of supportive scientific evidence is a

Which of the following is not a metaphysical claim?

Modern psychology is best considered to be a

Which perspective was among the first to focus on the need for objective research?

According to the example in the book about receiving a phone call from a friend shortly after thinking of him or her,we often

What percentage of self-help books contain claims that are scientifically untested?

One evening,when he couldn't sleep,Mr.Bradley turned on the television and saw an infomercial for a new sleep aid.As a critical thinker,Mr.Bradley should be most cautious about this new product if

Which philosopher suggested a useful theory had to be falsifiable?

Pretend that you are a participant in a study on deception detection,and after several trials,the experimenter gives you feedback that you are a "wizard" at detecting deception and score better than the average student.You are then asked to complete a few more trials of deception judgments.At the end of the study,the experimenter tells you that the feedback was bogus and your performance was average and around the same level as everyone else who has participated in the study.Despite this,you are still convinced that you were better at determining when people were lying better than other participants.In this example,you would be engaging in