Question 1

Which of the following events does not occur while RBCs are stored?

Accepted Answer

A)  2,3-DPG levels increase. 
B)  Potassium levels increase. 
C)  Hgb has a decreased affinity for oxygen carrying capacity. 
D)  2,3-DPG and potassium levels increase. 
A)  2,3-DPG levels increase. 
B)  Potassium levels increase. 
C)  Hgb has a decreased affinity for oxygen carrying capacity. 
D)  2,3-DPG and potassium levels increase.

Question 2

A unit of blood was returned to the blood bank before it was spiked. Apparently the patient's IV failed. The unit of blood was outside the blood bank for 35 minutes. Which of the statements below is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The unit of blood should be discarded immediately. 
B)  The unit of blood can be returned to inventory. 
C)  The unit of blood must be transfused within 4 hours or be discarded at the end of that time. 
D)  The unit of blood must be transfused with 24 hours. 
A)  The unit of blood should be discarded immediately. 
B)  The unit of blood can be returned to inventory. 
C)  The unit of blood must be transfused within 4 hours or be discarded at the end of that time. 
D)  The unit of blood must be transfused with 24 hours.

Question 3

The ABO blood groups were discovered in 1901 by whom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Drew 
B)  Karl Landsteiner 
C)  Loutit and Mollison 
D)  Edward Lindeman 
A)  Charles Drew 
B)  Karl Landsteiner 
C)  Loutit and Mollison 
D)  Edward Lindeman

Question 4

What factors are known to influence platelet metabolism and function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Storage temperature 
B)  Initial pH 
C)  Platelet count 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Storage temperature 
B)  Initial pH 
C)  Platelet count 
D)  All of the above

Question 5

Which type of blood storage container is no longer available for use in the United States because it may limit the viability of RBCs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glass bottles 
B)  PVC plastic bags with DEHP 
C)  DEHP-free polyolefin containers 
D)  Latex-free plastic containers 
A)  Glass bottles 
B)  PVC plastic bags with DEHP 
C)  DEHP-free polyolefin containers 
D)  Latex-free plastic containers

Question 6

All of the following areas of red blood cell biology are crucial for normal erythrocyte survival except:

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular metabolism. 
B)  RBC membrane. 
C)  site of the ABO antigen attachment. 
D)  hemoglobin structure. 
A)  cellular metabolism. 
B)  RBC membrane. 
C)  site of the ABO antigen attachment. 
D)  hemoglobin structure.

Question 7

Which metabolic pathway permits the accumulation of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Luebering-Rapoport shunt 
C)  Pentose phosphate shunt 
D)  Methemoglobin reductase 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Luebering-Rapoport shunt 
C)  Pentose phosphate shunt 
D)  Methemoglobin reductase

Question 8

All of the following are consistent with a "shift to the right" of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve except:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased 2,3-DPG. 
B)  50% O2 saturation to tissues. 
C)  decreased 2,3-DPG. 
D)  decreased hemoglobin affinity for O2. 
A)  increased 2,3-DPG. 
B)  50% O2 saturation to tissues. 
C)  decreased 2,3-DPG. 
D)  decreased hemoglobin affinity for O2.

Question 9

One of the most important controls of hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen is:

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). 
C)  K+. 
D)  Ca++. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). 
C)  K+. 
D)  Ca++.

Question 10

What is the correct biochemical composition of the RBC membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  52% protein, 40% lipid, 8% carbohydrate 
B)  40% protein, 8% lipid, 52% carbohydrate 
C)  8% protein, 52% lipid, 40% carbohydrate 
D)  8% lipid, 40% carbohydrate, 52% protein 
A)  52% protein, 40% lipid, 8% carbohydrate 
B)  40% protein, 8% lipid, 52% carbohydrate 
C)  8% protein, 52% lipid, 40% carbohydrate 
D)  8% lipid, 40% carbohydrate, 52% protein

Question 11

All of the following biochemical changes are associated with loss of red blood cell viability upon storage except:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased pH. 
B)  loss of red blood cell function. 
C)  increased ATP level. 
D)  decreased glucose consumption. 
A)  decreased pH. 
B)  loss of red blood cell function. 
C)  increased ATP level. 
D)  decreased glucose consumption.

Question 12

Generally, the quality control measurements required by various accreditation organizations for platelet concentrates include:

Accepted Answer

A)  platelet concentrate volume and platelet count. 
B)  leukocyte count if claims of leukoreduction are made. 
C)  pH of the unit. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  platelet concentrate volume and platelet count. 
B)  leukocyte count if claims of leukoreduction are made. 
C)  pH of the unit. 
D)  All of the above

Question 13

How is stroma-free hemoglobin solution prepared?

Accepted Answer

A)  Outdated red blood cells are concentrated, and stroma is removed. 
B)  Outdated red blood cells are diluted with saline, and stroma is removed. 
C)  Outdated red blood cells are lysed, and stroma is removed. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Outdated red blood cells are concentrated, and stroma is removed. 
B)  Outdated red blood cells are diluted with saline, and stroma is removed. 
C)  Outdated red blood cells are lysed, and stroma is removed. 
D)  None of the above

Question 14

Which red blood cell preservative has a storage time of 35 days?

Accepted Answer

A)  ACD 
B)  CPDA-1 
C)  AS-1 
D)  CPD 
A)  ACD 
B)  CPDA-1 
C)  AS-1 
D)  CPD

Question 15

What would the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve depict in a patient exhibiting clinical signs of alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal 
B)  Shift to the left 
C)  Shift to the right 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Normal 
B)  Shift to the left 
C)  Shift to the right 
D)  None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is not a major factor that influences platelet shape and activation while the platelet is in storage?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 
B)  Volume 
C)  Agitation 
D)  Temperature 
A)  pH 
B)  Volume 
C)  Agitation 
D)  Temperature

Question 17

Proper agitation of platelets while they are being stored is:

Accepted Answer

A)  important because when not agitated properly the platelets will stick together and not perform properly when transfused. 
B)  important because the pH of the stored platelets will increase and the platelets will lose functionality. 
C)  important because the pH of the stored platelets will decrease and the platelets will lose functionality. 
D)  not important because it has been deemed unnecessary by the FDA. 
A)  important because when not agitated properly the platelets will stick together and not perform properly when transfused. 
B)  important because the pH of the stored platelets will increase and the platelets will lose functionality. 
C)  important because the pH of the stored platelets will decrease and the platelets will lose functionality. 
D)  not important because it has been deemed unnecessary by the FDA.

Question 18

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been produced from which of the following sources?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bovine 
B)  Human 
C)  Recombinant hemoglobin 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Bovine 
B)  Human 
C)  Recombinant hemoglobin 
D)  All of the above

Question 19

Regarding loss of RBC membrane deformability, all of the following are true except:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in ATP level. 
B)  decrease in ATP level. 
C)  increase in calcium level. 
D)  decrease in spectrin phosphorylation level. 
A)  increase in ATP level. 
B)  decrease in ATP level. 
C)  increase in calcium level. 
D)  decrease in spectrin phosphorylation level.

Question 20

A standing order of platelets was shipped to your facility by your supplier. It was inadvertently left in the corner of the department until discovered 36 hours later. What would the appropriate action be for the blood banker?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the temperature in the box was 22 +/- 2°C and the platelet swirl seemed OK, it would be OK to accept the unit into inventory. 
B)  The platelets have fallen outside the supplier's quality assurance. The unit should be discarded because the pH has probably dropped too low and platelet activation has been compromised. 
C)  If the temperature was 1°C to 6°C and the platelet swirl seemed OK, it would be OK to accept the unit into inventory. 
D)  If the platelets appeared OK and passed the platelet swirl test after being placed on the agitator, they could be accepted into the inventory. 
A)  If the temperature in the box was 22 +/- 2°C and the platelet swirl seemed OK, it would be OK to accept the unit into inventory. 
B)  The platelets have fallen outside the supplier's quality assurance. The unit should be discarded because the pH has probably dropped too low and platelet activation has been compromised. 
C)  If the temperature was 1°C to 6°C and the platelet swirl seemed OK, it would be OK to accept the unit into inventory. 
D)  If the platelets appeared OK and passed the platelet swirl test after being placed on the agitator, they could be accepted into the inventory.

Exam 1: Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Which of the following events does not occur while RBCs are stored?

A unit of blood was returned to the blood bank before it was spiked. Apparently the patient's IV failed. The unit of blood was outside the blood bank for 35 minutes. Which of the statements below is most accurate?

The ABO blood groups were discovered in 1901 by whom?

What factors are known to influence platelet metabolism and function?

Which type of blood storage container is no longer available for use in the United States because it may limit the viability of RBCs?

All of the following areas of red blood cell biology are crucial for normal erythrocyte survival except:

Which metabolic pathway permits the accumulation of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)?

All of the following are consistent with a "shift to the right" of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve except:

One of the most important controls of hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen is:

What is the correct biochemical composition of the RBC membrane?

All of the following biochemical changes are associated with loss of red blood cell viability upon storage except:

Generally, the quality control measurements required by various accreditation organizations for platelet concentrates include:

How is stroma-free hemoglobin solution prepared?

Which red blood cell preservative has a storage time of 35 days?

What would the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve depict in a patient exhibiting clinical signs of alkalosis?

Which of the following is not a major factor that influences platelet shape and activation while the platelet is in storage?

Proper agitation of platelets while they are being stored is:

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been produced from which of the following sources?

Regarding loss of RBC membrane deformability, all of the following are true except:

A standing order of platelets was shipped to your facility by your supplier. It was inadvertently left in the corner of the department until discovered 36 hours later. What would the appropriate action be for the blood banker?

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The RH Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

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