Question 1

Approximately how many antigen sites can be found on A2 cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 million 
B)  10,000 
C)  260,000 
D)  500,000 
A)  1 million 
B)  10,000 
C)  260,000 
D)  500,000

Question 2

Where are ABH substances detected in secretors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tears 
B)  Saliva 
C)  Milk 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Tears 
B)  Saliva 
C)  Milk 
D)  All of the above

Question 3

If a type-A person contains anti-M in their serum, what might their reverse grouping type as?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  AB 
D)  O 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  AB 
D)  O

Question 4

What percentage of the type A population is A2?

Accepted Answer

A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  20% 
D)  80% 
A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  20% 
D)  80%

Question 5

What is the only possible phenotype of an offspring produced from two group O parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  AB 
D)  O 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  AB 
D)  O

Question 6

Reverse grouping was performed on an AB person. The technologist observed a very weak agglutination macroscopically. The cells appeared as "stacked coins" under a microscope. Which reagent should be added to the tube before recentrifugation in an attempt to resolve the discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serum 
B)  Saline 
C)  Water 
D)  LISS 
A)  Serum 
B)  Saline 
C)  Water 
D)  LISS

Question 7

The state in which an individual's red blood cells are agglutinated by all sera regardless of blood type is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  panagglutination. 
B)  polyagglutination. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  leukoagglutination. 
A)  panagglutination. 
B)  polyagglutination. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  leukoagglutination.

Question 8

Cord blood was sent to the laboratory for blood type determination on twins A and B. Baby A demonstrated mixed-field reactions with anti-A and anti-AB and no reactivity with anti-B. Reverse grouping was not performed. Baby B showed a 1+ reaction with anti-A and anti-AB. What could be the reason for the variable reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chimerism 
B)  A dimorphic cell population 
C)  Dispermy 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Chimerism 
B)  A dimorphic cell population 
C)  Dispermy 
D)  All of the above

Question 9

When performing secretor studies, what is omitted in the control tube but present in the patient tube?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antiserum 
B)  5% B cells 
C)  Saliva 
D)  5% O cells 
A)  Antiserum 
B)  5% B cells 
C)  Saliva 
D)  5% O cells

Question 10

What percentage of the white population has type-O blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  45% 
B)  10% 
C)  4% 
D)  32% 
A)  45% 
B)  10% 
C)  4% 
D)  32%

Question 11

The forward grouping of a patient showed no agglutination of patient cells with anti-A, anti-B, or anti-AB reagent antisera. The reverse grouping showed agglutination with A1 and B cells. What is this person's ABO group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  AB 
D)  O 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  AB 
D)  O

Question 12

All of the following is consistent with A3 individuals except:

Accepted Answer

A)  "A" substance in saliva. 
B)  mixed field agglutination with anti-A. 
C)  4,000 antigenic sites on red blood cells. 
D)  a variable amount of "A" transferase in serum. 
A)  "A" substance in saliva. 
B)  mixed field agglutination with anti-A. 
C)  4,000 antigenic sites on red blood cells. 
D)  a variable amount of "A" transferase in serum.

Question 13

Which of the following criteria is used to classify the B subgroups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agglutination patterns with anti-B, anti-AB, and anti-H 
B)  Presence of ABH isoagglutinins in serum 
C)  Absorption studies with anti-B 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Agglutination patterns with anti-B, anti-AB, and anti-H 
B)  Presence of ABH isoagglutinins in serum 
C)  Absorption studies with anti-B 
D)  All of the above

Question 14

Approximately how many antigen sites exist on a type-A1 individual's RBC?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 million 
B)  600,000 
C)  1,000 
D)  5 million 
A)  1 million 
B)  600,000 
C)  1,000 
D)  5 million

Question 15

Which ABO group's reaction will be the weakest with anti-H lectin?

Accepted Answer

A)  A1 
B)  B 
C)  A2B 
D)  AB 
A)  A1 
B)  B 
C)  A2B 
D)  AB

Question 16

What immunodominant sugar is responsible for B specificity?

Accepted Answer

A)  D-galactose 
B)  L-fucose 
C)  N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 
D)  D-glucose 
A)  D-galactose 
B)  L-fucose 
C)  N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 
D)  D-glucose

Question 17

What is the source of anti-B lectin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandeiraea simplicifolia 
B)  Ulex europaeus 
C)  Dolichos biflorus 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Bandeiraea simplicifolia 
B)  Ulex europaeus 
C)  Dolichos biflorus 
D)  All of the above

Question 18

A patient was previously typed as blood group O. Forward grouping was negative with anti-A and anti-B. Reverse grouping showed reactivity with A1 cells and B cells. The technologist reported this patient's type as A. What technical error occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sample misidentified 
B)  Failure to add reagents 
C)  Clerical error 
D)  Sample mix-up 
A)  Sample misidentified 
B)  Failure to add reagents 
C)  Clerical error 
D)  Sample mix-up

Question 19

A type-A person demonstrates a 3+ reactivity with A1 cells (reverse grouping). The forward grouping with anti-A is 4+. Therefore, the possibility of a subgroup is excluded. B cells demonstrate a 4+ reaction. The antibody screen is weakly positive at 37°C, but shows no reactivity at the AHG phase. An antibody panel is performed and anti-M is identified. The patient phenotypes negative for M antigen. How is the ABO discrepancy resolved?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perform reverse grouping at 4°C. 
B)  Perform reverse grouping with A1 cells negative for M antigen. 
C)  Perform reverse grouping with A1 cells positive for M antigen. 
D)  Perform forward grouping at 4°C. 
A)  Perform reverse grouping at 4°C. 
B)  Perform reverse grouping with A1 cells negative for M antigen. 
C)  Perform reverse grouping with A1 cells positive for M antigen. 
D)  Perform forward grouping at 4°C.

Question 20

All of the following may result in weak or missing antigens except:

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of blood-group-specific soluble substances (BGSS). 
B)  Hodgkin's disease. 
C)  hypogammaglobulinemia. 
D)  intestinal infection with Escherichia coli. 
A)  presence of blood-group-specific soluble substances (BGSS). 
B)  Hodgkin's disease. 
C)  hypogammaglobulinemia. 
D)  intestinal infection with Escherichia coli.

Exam 6: The Abo Blood Group System

Approximately how many antigen sites can be found on A2 cells?

Where are ABH substances detected in secretors?

If a type-A person contains anti-M in their serum, what might their reverse grouping type as?

What percentage of the type A population is A2?

What is the only possible phenotype of an offspring produced from two group O parents?

Reverse grouping was performed on an AB person. The technologist observed a very weak agglutination macroscopically. The cells appeared as "stacked coins" under a microscope. Which reagent should be added to the tube before recentrifugation in an attempt to resolve the discrepancy?

The state in which an individual's red blood cells are agglutinated by all sera regardless of blood type is called:

When performing secretor studies, what is omitted in the control tube but present in the patient tube?

What percentage of the white population has type-O blood?

The forward grouping of a patient showed no agglutination of patient cells with anti-A, anti-B, or anti-AB reagent antisera. The reverse grouping showed agglutination with A1 and B cells. What is this person's ABO group?

All of the following is consistent with A3 individuals except:

Which of the following criteria is used to classify the B subgroups?

Approximately how many antigen sites exist on a type-A1 individual's RBC?

Which ABO group's reaction will be the weakest with anti-H lectin?

What immunodominant sugar is responsible for B specificity?

What is the source of anti-B lectin?

A patient was previously typed as blood group O. Forward grouping was negative with anti-A and anti-B. Reverse grouping showed reactivity with A1 cells and B cells. The technologist reported this patient's type as A. What technical error occurred?

All of the following may result in weak or missing antigens except:

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The RH Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

Filters

Approximately how many antigen sites can be found on A₂ cells?

What percentage of the type A population is A₂?

The forward grouping of a patient showed no agglutination of patient cells with anti-A, anti-B, or anti-AB reagent antisera. The reverse grouping showed agglutination with A₁ and B cells. What is this person's ABO group?

Approximately how many antigen sites exist on a type-A₁ individual's RBC?

A patient was previously typed as blood group O. Forward grouping was negative with anti-A and anti-B. Reverse grouping showed reactivity with A₁ cells and B cells. The technologist reported this patient's type as A. What technical error occurred?