Question 1

In the fatty acid synthesis pathway,how many ATPs and NADPHs are needed to add two carbons to the growing fatty acid chain starting with an acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

One ATP to activate

Question 2

In triacylglycerol synthesis,from where is the glycerol backbone derived?

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acyl-CoA 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
D)  acetyl-CoA 
A)  fatty acyl-CoA 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
D)  acetyl-CoA

Question 3

Which fatty acid can be synthesized from scratch in humans by desaturase enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  20:4,  5,8,11,14 
B)  18:2,  9,13 
C)  20:2,  6,9 
D)  16:2,  9,11 
A)  20:4,  5,8,11,14 
B)  18:2,  9,13 
C)  20:2,  6,9 
D)  16:2,  9,11

Question 4

How many more enzymes does the oxidation of a polyunsaturated fat such as linoleoyl-CoA (18:2)require than the oxidation of stearoyl-CoA (18:0)?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3

Question 5

Describe the role that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)plays in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis.

Accepted Answer

AMPK is activated by phosphorylation as

Question 6

List the five classes of lipoproteins and briefly state the body origin of each.

Accepted Answer

(1)Chylomicrons,which originate from the

Question 7

Draw the structure of malonyl-CoA,the activated form of acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw the structure of malonyl-CoA,the activated form...

Question 8

About __________ more ATPs can be obtained from one 16:0 fatty acid than from one glucose molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  32 
B)  106 
C)  2 
D)  75 
A)  32 
B)  106 
C)  2 
D)  75

Question 9

How many passes through the fatty acid oxidation pathway are required to degrade palmitic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  7 
C)  8 
D)  16 
A)  1 
B)  7 
C)  8 
D)  16

Question 10

Diagram the process by which the palmitoyl-CoA molecule moves from the cytosol into the mitochondria for degradation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diagram the process by which the palmitoyl-CoA...

Question 11

Which of the following do   -oxidation and fatty acid synthesis have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of an oxidized fatty acyl  
-carbon with a hydroxyl or carbonyl group as a pathway intermediate 
B)  their cellular location 
C)  their use of NADH 
D)  the number of enzymes involved in the pathways 
A)  the presence of an oxidized fatty acyl  
-carbon with a hydroxyl or carbonyl group as a pathway intermediate 
B)  their cellular location 
C)  their use of NADH 
D)  the number of enzymes involved in the pathways

Question 12

Cholesterol biosynthesis and cholesterol uptake is stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  the binding of SREs to cholesterol uptake genes. 
B)  the binding of SREBPs to SREs and activating the transcription of cholesterol synthesizing genes. 
C)  increased levels of cholesterol binding to the SREBPs. 
D)  the uptake of LDLs through the LDL receptor. 
A)  the binding of SREs to cholesterol uptake genes. 
B)  the binding of SREBPs to SREs and activating the transcription of cholesterol synthesizing genes. 
C)  increased levels of cholesterol binding to the SREBPs. 
D)  the uptake of LDLs through the LDL receptor.

Question 13

By what process are LDL particles removed selectively from the blood serum?

Accepted Answer

A)  through targeted digestion by serum lipases 
B)  by receptor-mediated endocytosis 
C)  They are replenished with triacylglycerols and never removed. 
D)  They form atherosclerotic plaques. 
A)  through targeted digestion by serum lipases 
B)  by receptor-mediated endocytosis 
C)  They are replenished with triacylglycerols and never removed. 
D)  They form atherosclerotic plaques.

Question 14

Identify the name of the group shown below that is common to CoA and the acyl carrier protein.

Accepted Answer

Phosphopan

Question 15

How many acetyl-CoAs per ketone body are delivered to cells in need of energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 16

The same four reactions that are central to the   -oxidation pathway are also present in the fatty acid synthesis pathway,except they are reversed.What is a key difference between the four reactions in these two pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  One set of reactions synthesizes an ATP, whereas the other set uses an ATP. 
B)  One set occurs in the muscle, whereas the second pathway occurs in the liver. 
C)  One pathway adds three carbon atoms at a time, whereas the other removes two carbons. 
D)  Four enzymes are used in one, whereas one enzyme is used in the other. 
A)  One set of reactions synthesizes an ATP, whereas the other set uses an ATP. 
B)  One set occurs in the muscle, whereas the second pathway occurs in the liver. 
C)  One pathway adds three carbon atoms at a time, whereas the other removes two carbons. 
D)  Four enzymes are used in one, whereas one enzyme is used in the other.

Question 17

Which cofactor is utilized in the following fatty acid oxidation reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  FAD 
D)  NADP+ 
A)  ATP 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  FAD 
D)  NADP+

Question 18

How many more enzymes does the oxidation of oleoyl-CoA (18:1)require than the oxidation of stearoyl-CoA (18:0)?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3

Question 19

The complete   -oxidation of 1 mole of palmitic acid (16:0)yields __________ moles of ATP after TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation processes.

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  32 
C)  106 
D)  156 
A)  8 
B)  32 
C)  106 
D)  156

Question 20

The acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis comes from the

Accepted Answer

A)  breakdown of fats. 
B)  TCA cycle. 
C)  mitochondria via the citrate shuttle. 
D)  breakdown of cytoplasmic pyruvate. 
A)  breakdown of fats. 
B)  TCA cycle. 
C)  mitochondria via the citrate shuttle. 
D)  breakdown of cytoplasmic pyruvate.

Exam 16: Lipid Metabolism

In the fatty acid synthesis pathway,how many ATPs and NADPHs are needed to add two carbons to the growing fatty acid chain starting with an acetyl-CoA?

In triacylglycerol synthesis,from where is the glycerol backbone derived?

Which fatty acid can be synthesized from scratch in humans by desaturase enzymes?

How many more enzymes does the oxidation of a polyunsaturated fat such as linoleoyl-CoA (18:2)require than the oxidation of stearoyl-CoA (18:0)?

Describe the role that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)plays in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis.

List the five classes of lipoproteins and briefly state the body origin of each.

Draw the structure of malonyl-CoA,the activated form of acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis.

About __________ more ATPs can be obtained from one 16:0 fatty acid than from one glucose molecule.

How many passes through the fatty acid oxidation pathway are required to degrade palmitic acid?

Diagram the process by which the palmitoyl-CoA molecule moves from the cytosol into the mitochondria for degradation.

Which of the following do -oxidation and fatty acid synthesis have in common?

Cholesterol biosynthesis and cholesterol uptake is stimulated by

By what process are LDL particles removed selectively from the blood serum?

Identify the name of the group shown below that is common to CoA and the acyl carrier protein.

How many acetyl-CoAs per ketone body are delivered to cells in need of energy?

The same four reactions that are central to the -oxidation pathway are also present in the fatty acid synthesis pathway,except they are reversed.What is a key difference between the four reactions in these two pathways?

Which cofactor is utilized in the following fatty acid oxidation reaction?

How many more enzymes does the oxidation of oleoyl-CoA (18:1)require than the oxidation of stearoyl-CoA (18:0)?

The complete -oxidation of 1 mole of palmitic acid (16:0)yields __________ moles of ATP after TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation processes.

The acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis comes from the

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

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