Question 1

During vigorous anaerobic exercise,glycogen degradation leads to the buildup of pyruvate.How does the alanine-glucose cycle prevent a toxic buildup?

Accepted Answer

The alanine-glucose cycle removes excess nitrogen from muscle cells,using alanine as the carrier.The alanine aminotransferase reaction in liver cells removes the nitrogen from alanine to generate pyruvate and glutamate.The pyruvate is then used to produce glucose via gluconeogenesis,and the glucose is exported back to muscle cells,where it can be used as a source of energy for muscle contraction or converted to glycogen

Question 2

Alkaptonuria is a disease coming from a deficiency in which pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  group 1 
B)  group 2 
C)  group 3 
D)  urea 
A)  group 1 
B)  group 2 
C)  group 3 
D)  urea C

Question 3

What would the products be for the reaction below?

Accepted Answer

A)    -keto acid and glutamate 
B)  oxaloacetate and glutamate 
C)  pyruvate and glutamate 
D)  histidine and glutamate 
A)    -keto acid and glutamate 
B)  oxaloacetate and glutamate 
C)  pyruvate and glutamate 
D)  histidine and glutamate A

Question 4

What are the allosteric regulators of glutamine synthetase?

Accepted Answer

Glucosamine-6-phosphate,carbam

Question 5

How is carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I allosterically regulated in the urea cycle?

Accepted Answer

This key reaction in urea synthesis is a

Question 6

If no NAD+ was available,the group 2 amino acid degradation pathway would experience a

Accepted Answer

A)  buildup of urea. 
B)  buildup of glutamate. 
C)  depletion of proline. 
D)  depletion of histidine. 
A)  buildup of urea. 
B)  buildup of glutamate. 
C)  depletion of proline. 
D)  depletion of histidine.

Question 7

In the absence of ATP for glutamine synthetase to use,what would happen to the concentration of glutamine in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  no change 
D)  Not enough information is given. 
A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  no change 
D)  Not enough information is given.

Question 8

Glucogenic amino acids give rise to which molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate 
B)  urea 
C)  ketone bodies 
D)  glucose 
A)  pyruvate 
B)  urea 
C)  ketone bodies 
D)  glucose

Question 9

Bacteria in the genus Nitrosomonas are able to oxidize ammonia to what final product?

Accepted Answer

A)  NO2 
B)  NO3      
C)  NO4      
D)  NO2      
A)  NO2 
B)  NO3      
C)  NO4      
D)  NO2

Question 10

It is important that proteolytic enzymes in the lysosome are optimized to work at low pH because low pH

Accepted Answer

A)  enhances protein denaturing. 
B)  deactivates cysteine proteases. 
C)  makes it easier for ATP to be converted to ADP + Pi. 
D)  enhances the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. 
A)  enhances protein denaturing. 
B)  deactivates cysteine proteases. 
C)  makes it easier for ATP to be converted to ADP + Pi. 
D)  enhances the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.

Question 11

How does atmospheric fixation occur given the high energy barrier to convert nitrogen to nitrogen oxides?

Accepted Answer

A)  through the oceans that break the triple bond of nitrogen and allow for the combination with water 
B)  through clouds that allow for nitrogen to combine with oxygen 
C)  in the soil by bacteria that reduce nitrogen to ammonia 
D)  through lightning that breaks the triple bond of nitrogen and allows for the combination with oxygen 
A)  through the oceans that break the triple bond of nitrogen and allow for the combination with water 
B)  through clouds that allow for nitrogen to combine with oxygen 
C)  in the soil by bacteria that reduce nitrogen to ammonia 
D)  through lightning that breaks the triple bond of nitrogen and allows for the combination with oxygen

Question 12

Distinguish between the first and second stages of the aminotransferase reaction.

Accepted Answer

In the first stage of the reaction the @#IMG-DLM&_

Question 13

Summarize the mechanism for control of endothelial nitric oxide.

Accepted Answer

Calcium-calmodulin binds to th

Question 14

Using the figure below,determine which of the following is NOT a final product from group 1 amino acid degradation.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycine 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  acetoacetyl-CoA 
D)  acetyl-CoA 
A)  glycine 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  acetoacetyl-CoA 
D)  acetyl-CoA

Question 15

The 10 amino acids that animals need to take in through their diet are called the __________ amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A)  common 
B)  essential 
C)  optional 
D)  degradation 
A)  common 
B)  essential 
C)  optional 
D)  degradation

Question 16

Nitrite is oxidized by Nitrobacter bacteria to

Accepted Answer

A)  NO2. 
B)  NO2      
C)  NO     
D)  NO3      
A)  NO2. 
B)  NO2      
C)  NO     
D)  NO3

Question 17

What specific characteristic must a target protein have to be recognized by an ubiquitinating protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylated residue 
B)  N terminus 
C)  C terminus 
D)    -helix 
A)  phosphorylated residue 
B)  N terminus 
C)  C terminus 
D)    -helix

Question 18

Compare the function of pepsin with that of secretin.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pepsin cleaves trypsin, whereas secretin activates proteolytic zymogens. 
B)  Pepsin activates trypsinogen, whereas secretin neutralizes pH back to 7. 
C)  Pepsin denatures proteins, whereas secretin cleaves polypeptide bonds. 
D)  Pepsin cleaves polypeptide bonds, whereas secretin neutralizes pH back to 7. 
A)  Pepsin cleaves trypsin, whereas secretin activates proteolytic zymogens. 
B)  Pepsin activates trypsinogen, whereas secretin neutralizes pH back to 7. 
C)  Pepsin denatures proteins, whereas secretin cleaves polypeptide bonds. 
D)  Pepsin cleaves polypeptide bonds, whereas secretin neutralizes pH back to 7.

Question 19

Compare and contrast the known porphyrias.

Accepted Answer

See Figure 17.55 in the text.S

Question 20

Aspartate is a(n)__________ amino acid,so if a person had a diet that contained no aspartate,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  essential; death would occur 
B)  nonessential; aspartate could be synthesized from other intermediates 
C)  essential; aspartate could be synthesized from other intermediates 
D)  nonessential; death would occur 
A)  essential; death would occur 
B)  nonessential; aspartate could be synthesized from other intermediates 
C)  essential; aspartate could be synthesized from other intermediates 
D)  nonessential; death would occur

Exam 17: Amino Acid Metabolism

During vigorous anaerobic exercise,glycogen degradation leads to the buildup of pyruvate.How does the alanine-glucose cycle prevent a toxic buildup?

Alkaptonuria is a disease coming from a deficiency in which pathway?

What would the products be for the reaction below?

What are the allosteric regulators of glutamine synthetase?

How is carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I allosterically regulated in the urea cycle?

If no NAD+ was available,the group 2 amino acid degradation pathway would experience a

In the absence of ATP for glutamine synthetase to use,what would happen to the concentration of glutamine in the cell?

Glucogenic amino acids give rise to which molecule?

Bacteria in the genus Nitrosomonas are able to oxidize ammonia to what final product?

It is important that proteolytic enzymes in the lysosome are optimized to work at low pH because low pH

How does atmospheric fixation occur given the high energy barrier to convert nitrogen to nitrogen oxides?

Distinguish between the first and second stages of the aminotransferase reaction.

Summarize the mechanism for control of endothelial nitric oxide.

Using the figure below,determine which of the following is NOT a final product from group 1 amino acid degradation.

The 10 amino acids that animals need to take in through their diet are called the __________ amino acids.

Nitrite is oxidized by Nitrobacter bacteria to

What specific characteristic must a target protein have to be recognized by an ubiquitinating protein?

Compare the function of pepsin with that of secretin.

Compare and contrast the known porphyrias.

Aspartate is a(n)__________ amino acid,so if a person had a diet that contained no aspartate,__________.

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

If no NAD⁺ was available,the group 2 amino acid degradation pathway would experience a

Aspartate is a(n) amino acid,so if a person had a diet that contained no aspartate,.