Question 1

Two moles of pyruvate molecules running through the gluconeogenesis pathway to give 1 mole of glucose requires the hydrolysis of __________ moles of ATP equivalents.

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  6 
A)  0 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  6 D

Question 2

Which is the substrate or product of the reactions that comprise the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  sedoheptulose-7-phosphate 
B)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
C)  ribulose-5-phosphate 
D)  ribose-5-phosphate 
A)  sedoheptulose-7-phosphate 
B)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
C)  ribulose-5-phosphate 
D)  ribose-5-phosphate C

Question 3

Because muscles lack receptors for glucagon,what hormone activates muscle glycogen phosphorylase?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  adrenaline 
C)  glycogenin 
D)  UDP-glucose 
A)  insulin 
B)  adrenaline 
C)  glycogenin 
D)  UDP-glucose B

Question 4

What controls the activity of the opposing enzymes hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase from the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  levels of ATP 
B)  cellular compartmentalization and separation of the two enzymes 
C)  fructose-2,6-bisphosphate concentration 
D)  phosphorylation of the enzymes 
A)  levels of ATP 
B)  cellular compartmentalization and separation of the two enzymes 
C)  fructose-2,6-bisphosphate concentration 
D)  phosphorylation of the enzymes

Question 5

Name the enzymes in the glycolysis or gluconeogenesis pathway that could be inhibited by ATP.

Accepted Answer

In glycolysis,enzymes that are

Question 6

Name the enzymes that catalyze the two opposing glycogen polymerization and depolymerization reactions found in glycogen synthesis and glycogen breakdown.

Accepted Answer

Glycogen synthase catalyzes gl

Question 7

Draw the structure of the short glycogen disaccharide linked to glycogenin through its tyrosine amino acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw the structure of the short glycogen...

Question 8

Which of the following molecules would inhibit the last reaction of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  glucose 
C)  AMP 
D)  NAD+ 
A)  ATP 
B)  glucose 
C)  AMP 
D)  NAD+

Question 9

The gluconeogenesis pathway

Accepted Answer

A)  converts NADH into NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. 
B)  provides energy for the cell. 
C)  increases the ratio of ATP to ADP in the cell. 
D)  converts two 3C sugars into a 6C sugar. 
A)  converts NADH into NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. 
B)  provides energy for the cell. 
C)  increases the ratio of ATP to ADP in the cell. 
D)  converts two 3C sugars into a 6C sugar.

Question 10

Starting from the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway,how many ATP and high-energy reduced molecules,respectively,are made in going from one glucose molecule to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  0; 0 
B)  0; 2 
C)  2; 0 
D)  2; 2 
A)  0; 0 
B)  0; 2 
C)  2; 0 
D)  2; 2

Question 11

What class of biomolecule is glycogenin?

Accepted Answer

A)  hormone 
B)  carbohydrate 
C)  enzyme 
D)  lipid 
A)  hormone 
B)  carbohydrate 
C)  enzyme 
D)  lipid

Question 12

List the three metabolic molecules that regulate the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway.

Accepted Answer

(1)Levels of NADPH regulate flux through

Question 13

The regulated reactions of gluconeogenesis have/are

Accepted Answer

A)  large positive  
G values. 
B)  those that are counter to regulated reactions in glycolysis. 
C)  reversible reactions. 
D)  activated by molecules indicating a low energy charge in the cell. 
A)  large positive  
G values. 
B)  those that are counter to regulated reactions in glycolysis. 
C)  reversible reactions. 
D)  activated by molecules indicating a low energy charge in the cell.

Question 14

The activation of glycogen phosphorylase will lead to a(n)__________ in blood glucose concentrations and is stimulated by the hormone __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease; insulin 
B)  decrease; glucagon 
C)  increase; insulin 
D)  increase; glucagon 
A)  decrease; insulin 
B)  decrease; glucagon 
C)  increase; insulin 
D)  increase; glucagon

Question 15

McArdle disease is due to a deficiency in muscle glycogen phosphorylase activity.The result of this deficiency is an inability to

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)  form glucose-1-phosphate during the breakdown of glycogen. 
C)  store glycogen. 
D)    
A)   
B)  form glucose-1-phosphate during the breakdown of glycogen. 
C)  store glycogen. 
D)

Question 16

The conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)in gluconeogenesis

Accepted Answer

A)  requires the net input of two equivalents of NADH. 
B)  occurs in two steps and is catalyzed by the enzymes pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. 
C)  is a thermodynamically spontaneous reaction that gives rise to a stable product. 
D)  requires lactate as a precursor. 
A)  requires the net input of two equivalents of NADH. 
B)  occurs in two steps and is catalyzed by the enzymes pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. 
C)  is a thermodynamically spontaneous reaction that gives rise to a stable product. 
D)  requires lactate as a precursor.

Question 17

The glycogen phosphorylase enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  
  
B)    
C)  
  
D)  releases free glucose units as its immediate product. 
A)  
  
B)    
C)  
  
D)  releases free glucose units as its immediate product.

Question 18

How many high-energy NTP molecules are hydrolyzed for each glucose monomer added to a growing glycogen polymer?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3

Question 19

The branching enzyme of glycogen synthesis is involved in

Accepted Answer

A)  
  
B)    
C)    
D)  transferring ~3 glucose units from a branch point to the end of a growing glycogen chain. 
A)  
  
B)    
C)    
D)  transferring ~3 glucose units from a branch point to the end of a growing glycogen chain.

Question 20

Which of the following molecules is found in the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose-6-phosphate 
B)  sedoheptulose-7-phosphate 
C)  phosphoenolpyruvate 
D)  CO2 
A)  glucose-6-phosphate 
B)  sedoheptulose-7-phosphate 
C)  phosphoenolpyruvate 
D)  CO2

Exam 14: Carbohydrate Metabolism

Two moles of pyruvate molecules running through the gluconeogenesis pathway to give 1 mole of glucose requires the hydrolysis of __________ moles of ATP equivalents.

Which is the substrate or product of the reactions that comprise the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Because muscles lack receptors for glucagon,what hormone activates muscle glycogen phosphorylase?

What controls the activity of the opposing enzymes hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase from the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways?

Name the enzymes in the glycolysis or gluconeogenesis pathway that could be inhibited by ATP.

Name the enzymes that catalyze the two opposing glycogen polymerization and depolymerization reactions found in glycogen synthesis and glycogen breakdown.

Draw the structure of the short glycogen disaccharide linked to glycogenin through its tyrosine amino acid.

Which of the following molecules would inhibit the last reaction of glycolysis?

The gluconeogenesis pathway

Starting from the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway,how many ATP and high-energy reduced molecules,respectively,are made in going from one glucose molecule to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate?

What class of biomolecule is glycogenin?

List the three metabolic molecules that regulate the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway.

The regulated reactions of gluconeogenesis have/are

The activation of glycogen phosphorylase will lead to a(n)__________ in blood glucose concentrations and is stimulated by the hormone __________.

McArdle disease is due to a deficiency in muscle glycogen phosphorylase activity.The result of this deficiency is an inability to

The conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)in gluconeogenesis

The glycogen phosphorylase enzyme

How many high-energy NTP molecules are hydrolyzed for each glucose monomer added to a growing glycogen polymer?

The branching enzyme of glycogen synthesis is involved in

Which of the following molecules is found in the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

The activation of glycogen phosphorylase will lead to a(n) in blood glucose concentrations and is stimulated by the hormone .