Question 1

What cofactor,common to carboxylase enzymes,is used by acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADPH 
B)  FAD 
C)  biotin 
D)  pyridoxal phosphate 
A)  NADPH 
B)  FAD 
C)  biotin 
D)  pyridoxal phosphate C

Question 2

During the conversion of VLDL to IDL,the

Accepted Answer

A)  IDL becomes increasingly enriched in cholesterol. 
B)  core of IDL becomes increasingly enriched in TAGs. 
C)  LDL intermediate is formed. 
D)  IDL becomes depleted in protein. 
A)  IDL becomes increasingly enriched in cholesterol. 
B)  core of IDL becomes increasingly enriched in TAGs. 
C)  LDL intermediate is formed. 
D)  IDL becomes depleted in protein. A

Question 3

Explain how humans can create oleoyl-CoA (18:1   
9)from stearoyl-CoA (18:0).

Accepted Answer

By using a fatty acid desaturase

Question 4

Ketone bodies are

Accepted Answer

A)  transported to the liver for degradation. 
B)  an alternate storage form of glucose. 
C)  used as a fuel source by muscle cells as well as brain cells. 
D)  polymerized to form fatty acids. 
A)  transported to the liver for degradation. 
B)  an alternate storage form of glucose. 
C)  used as a fuel source by muscle cells as well as brain cells. 
D)  polymerized to form fatty acids.

Question 5

A difference between FA synthesis and   -oxidation is that FA synthesis __________,whereas   -oxidation __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reactions use ATP; reactions directly yield ATP 
B)  occurs in the mitochondria; takes place in the cytoplasm 
C)  uses NADH; uses NADPH 
D)  uses acyl-ACP; uses acyl-CoA 
A)  reactions use ATP; reactions directly yield ATP 
B)  occurs in the mitochondria; takes place in the cytoplasm 
C)  uses NADH; uses NADPH 
D)  uses acyl-ACP; uses acyl-CoA

Question 6

Draw the overall balanced reaction for the synthesis of palmitic acid (16:0)from acetyl-CoA precursors.Please include all the high-energy cofactors required for the process.

Accepted Answer

8 acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP

Question 7

Fill in the missing names or structures in the following triacylglycerol synthesis scheme.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fill in the missing names or structures...

Question 8

What enzyme catalyzes the following fatty acid synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acid synthase 
B)  fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 
C)  fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
D)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
A)  fatty acid synthase 
B)  fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 
C)  fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
D)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Question 9

How many more passes through   -oxidation does the saturated fat stearic acid (18:0)require,compared with the monounsaturated fat oleic acid (18:1)?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  17 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  17

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an intermediate in the   -oxidation of a fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 11

Which enzyme activates acetyl-CoA so that it can be added to the growing fatty acid chain during the synthesis of palmitate?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
B)  fatty acyl-CoA synthase 
C)  acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
D)  fatty acid synthase 
A)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
B)  fatty acyl-CoA synthase 
C)  acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
D)  fatty acid synthase

Question 12

Which of the following are ketone bodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA 
B)    -ketoacyl-ACP, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA 
C)  methylmalonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA 
D)  hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate 
A)  acetyl-CoA, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA 
B)    -ketoacyl-ACP, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA 
C)  methylmalonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA 
D)  hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate

Question 13

List in order the three most abundant molecule types found in an HDL.

Accepted Answer

HDLs are composed of proteins

Question 14

The synthesis of both triacylglycerols and membrane phospholipids occurs from which immediate precursor?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphatidic acid 
B)  glycerol 
C)  phosphatidylserine 
D)  diacylglycerol 
A)  phosphatidic acid 
B)  glycerol 
C)  phosphatidylserine 
D)  diacylglycerol

Question 15

As in glycolysis and the degradation of glucose,the degradation of fatty acids also requires an initial investment of ATP energy.State the reaction or reactions where ATP energy is needed before fatty acids can be oxidized.

Accepted Answer

The enzyme fatty acyl-CoA synt

Question 16

The synthesis of palmitic acid

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs in mitochondria. 
B)  involves the acyl carrier protein (ACP). 
C)  uses FAD and NADP+. 
D)  requires ATP. 
A)  occurs in mitochondria. 
B)  involves the acyl carrier protein (ACP). 
C)  uses FAD and NADP+. 
D)  requires ATP.

Question 17

The rate-limiting reaction is catalyzed by __________ in the synthesis of saturated fatty acids in the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acid synthase; cytosol 
B)  fatty acid synthase; mitochondrion 
C)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase; cytosol 
D)  citrate synthase; mitochondrion 
A)  fatty acid synthase; cytosol 
B)  fatty acid synthase; mitochondrion 
C)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase; cytosol 
D)  citrate synthase; mitochondrion

Question 18

How many total NADH + FADH2s are made in the   -oxidation pathway from the breakdown of the following fatty acid to all acetyl-CoAs?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  4 
D)  2 
A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  4 
D)  2

Question 19

Which one of the following lipoproteins functions to transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  VLDL 
B)  LDL 
C)  HDL 
D)  chylomicron 
A)  VLDL 
B)  LDL 
C)  HDL 
D)  chylomicron

Question 20

The NADPH required by the fatty acid synthesis pathway comes from the

Accepted Answer

A)  pentose phosphate pathway and the shuttle of citrate from the mitochondria. 
B)  mitochondria. 
C)  breakdown of glucose. 
D)  TCA cycle and the shuttle of citrate from the mitochondria. 
A)  pentose phosphate pathway and the shuttle of citrate from the mitochondria. 
B)  mitochondria. 
C)  breakdown of glucose. 
D)  TCA cycle and the shuttle of citrate from the mitochondria.

Exam 16: Lipid Metabolism

What cofactor,common to carboxylase enzymes,is used by acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

During the conversion of VLDL to IDL,the

Explain how humans can create oleoyl-CoA (18:1 9)from stearoyl-CoA (18:0).

Ketone bodies are

A difference between FA synthesis and -oxidation is that FA synthesis __________,whereas -oxidation __________.

Draw the overall balanced reaction for the synthesis of palmitic acid (16:0)from acetyl-CoA precursors.Please include all the high-energy cofactors required for the process.

Fill in the missing names or structures in the following triacylglycerol synthesis scheme.

What enzyme catalyzes the following fatty acid synthesis reaction?

How many more passes through -oxidation does the saturated fat stearic acid (18:0)require,compared with the monounsaturated fat oleic acid (18:1)?

Which of the following is NOT an intermediate in the -oxidation of a fatty acid?

Which enzyme activates acetyl-CoA so that it can be added to the growing fatty acid chain during the synthesis of palmitate?

Which of the following are ketone bodies?

List in order the three most abundant molecule types found in an HDL.

The synthesis of both triacylglycerols and membrane phospholipids occurs from which immediate precursor?

As in glycolysis and the degradation of glucose,the degradation of fatty acids also requires an initial investment of ATP energy.State the reaction or reactions where ATP energy is needed before fatty acids can be oxidized.

The synthesis of palmitic acid

The rate-limiting reaction is catalyzed by __________ in the synthesis of saturated fatty acids in the __________.

How many total NADH + FADH2s are made in the -oxidation pathway from the breakdown of the following fatty acid to all acetyl-CoAs?

Which one of the following lipoproteins functions to transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver?

The NADPH required by the fatty acid synthesis pathway comes from the

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

Explain how humans can create oleoyl-CoA (18:1 ⁹)from stearoyl-CoA (18:0).

A difference between FA synthesis and -oxidation is that FA synthesis ,whereas -oxidation .

The rate-limiting reaction is catalyzed by in the synthesis of saturated fatty acids in the .

How many total NADH + FADH₂s are made in the -oxidation pathway from the breakdown of the following fatty acid to all acetyl-CoAs?