Question 1

List the three major lipases in human adipocytes and explain the regulatory mechanism for one of the lipases.

Accepted Answer

Adipose triglyceride lipase,hormone-sensitive lipase,and monoacylglycerol lipase are the three major lipases in human adipocytes.The regulatory protein G58 controls the lipase activity of adipose triglyceride lipase in response to epinephrine and glucagon signaling.

Question 2

Compare and contrast the site of synthesis and the physiological function of the following steroids: cortisol,aldosterone,and testosterone.

Accepted Answer

All three are synthesized in the adrenal cortex,with testosterone also synthesized in the testes.Testosterone is important in the development of male reproductive organs.Aldosterone regulates ion transport in the kidney as well as blood pressure.Cortisol regulates liver metabolism as well as cell functions in the immune system and the brain (adaption to stress).

Question 3

Using common nomenclature,name the following fatty acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  trans 18:1 (  10) 
B)  cis 18:1 (  10) 
C)  trans 18:1 (  8) 
D)  cis 18:1 (  8) 
A)  trans 18:1 (  10) 
B)  cis 18:1 (  10) 
C)  trans 18:1 (  8) 
D)  cis 18:1 (  8) A

Question 4

Identify the lipase whose activity is regulated by protein G58.

Accepted Answer

A)  colipase 
B)  monoacylglycerol lipase 
C)  hormone-sensitive lipase 
D)  adipose triglyceride lipase 
A)  colipase 
B)  monoacylglycerol lipase 
C)  hormone-sensitive lipase 
D)  adipose triglyceride lipase

Question 5

Triacylglycerols are transported though the blood as

Accepted Answer

A)  glycerophospholipids. 
B)  sphingolipids. 
C)  cerebrosides. 
D)  very low density lipoprotein particles. 
A)  glycerophospholipids. 
B)  sphingolipids. 
C)  cerebrosides. 
D)  very low density lipoprotein particles.

Question 6

The lipase-mediated release of fatty acids can always be expected to occur when a person is

Accepted Answer

A)  reading a book. 
B)  watching TV. 
C)  running from a bear. 
D)  eating. 
A)  reading a book. 
B)  watching TV. 
C)  running from a bear. 
D)  eating.

Question 7

Compare glycerophospholipids with sphingolipids.

Accepted Answer

Both glycerophospholipids and sphingolip

Question 8

Identify the wax.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 9

In addition to triacylglycerols,which other lipid synthesized in the liver is transported by VLDLs?

Accepted Answer

A)  sphingophospholipid 
B)  cerebroside 
C)  ganglioside 
D)  cholesterol 
A)  sphingophospholipid 
B)  cerebroside 
C)  ganglioside 
D)  cholesterol

Question 10

Compare the results when anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.

Accepted Answer

COX-1 produces prostaglandins that stimu

Question 11

The biosynthesis of triacylglycerols in animals uses which citrate cycle intermediate in the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  malate 
B)  acetyl-CoA 
C)  isocitrate 
D)  succinate 
A)  malate 
B)  acetyl-CoA 
C)  isocitrate 
D)  succinate

Question 12

List and describe the major types of lipids found in a typical plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

The three major types are glycerophospho

Question 13

Which eicosanoid modulates the secretion of proteoglycans that protects the stomach lining from the effects of low pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  prostaglandin 
B)  prostacyclin 
C)  thromboxane 
D)  leukotriene 
A)  prostaglandin 
B)  prostacyclin 
C)  thromboxane 
D)  leukotriene

Question 14

Tay-Sachs disease,Fabry disease,and Niemann-Pick disease are all symptomatic because of

Accepted Answer

A)  defects in sphingolipid metabolism. 
B)  improper glycan storage. 
C)  cleavage of glycerophospholipids. 
D)  reduced cholesterol synthesis. 
A)  defects in sphingolipid metabolism. 
B)  improper glycan storage. 
C)  cleavage of glycerophospholipids. 
D)  reduced cholesterol synthesis.

Question 15

Compare and contrast chylomicrons and VLDLs.

Accepted Answer

Both function as transporters of triacyl

Question 16

List the four most abundant glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic membranes and compare and contrast their structure.

Accepted Answer

The four most abundant glycerophospholip

Question 17

In comparison with glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids,cholesterol contains a

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acid. 
B)  phosphate group. 
C)  glycerol moiety. 
D)  steroid ring. 
A)  fatty acid. 
B)  phosphate group. 
C)  glycerol moiety. 
D)  steroid ring.

Question 18

Which steroid hormone is synthesized in the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

A)  cortisol 
B)  progesterone 
C)  testosterone 
D)  estradiol 
A)  cortisol 
B)  progesterone 
C)  testosterone 
D)  estradiol

Question 19

Which of the following membranes would have the greatest fluidity based on the following percentage of cholesterol in the membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  30% 
D)  40% 
A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  30% 
D)  40%

Question 20

Free fatty acids inside cells can act as a detergent and dissolve membranes.How is this prevented inside the cells?

Accepted Answer

The released fatty acids are contained w

Exam 15: Lipid Structure and Function

List the three major lipases in human adipocytes and explain the regulatory mechanism for one of the lipases.

Compare and contrast the site of synthesis and the physiological function of the following steroids: cortisol,aldosterone,and testosterone.

Using common nomenclature,name the following fatty acid.

Identify the lipase whose activity is regulated by protein G58.

Triacylglycerols are transported though the blood as

The lipase-mediated release of fatty acids can always be expected to occur when a person is

Compare glycerophospholipids with sphingolipids.

Identify the wax.

In addition to triacylglycerols,which other lipid synthesized in the liver is transported by VLDLs?

Compare the results when anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.

The biosynthesis of triacylglycerols in animals uses which citrate cycle intermediate in the liver?

List and describe the major types of lipids found in a typical plasma membrane.

Which eicosanoid modulates the secretion of proteoglycans that protects the stomach lining from the effects of low pH?

Tay-Sachs disease,Fabry disease,and Niemann-Pick disease are all symptomatic because of

Compare and contrast chylomicrons and VLDLs.

List the four most abundant glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic membranes and compare and contrast their structure.

In comparison with glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids,cholesterol contains a

Which steroid hormone is synthesized in the corpus luteum?

Which of the following membranes would have the greatest fluidity based on the following percentage of cholesterol in the membrane?

Free fatty acids inside cells can act as a detergent and dissolve membranes.How is this prevented inside the cells?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters