Question 1

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is second?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma cell 
B) Pluripotent stem cell 
C) B cell 
D) Common lymphoid progenitor 
A) Plasma cell 
B) Pluripotent stem cell 
C) B cell 
D) Common lymphoid progenitor D

Question 2

Compare and contrast the heavy and light chains of a soluble antibody.Which part binds to the J chain?

Accepted Answer

A) Heavy chain 
B) Light chain 
C) Both heavy and light chains 
D) Neither of the heavy or light chains 
A) Heavy chain 
B) Light chain 
C) Both heavy and light chains 
D) Neither of the heavy or light chains D

Question 3

How many antigen-binding sites do T cell receptors have in comparison with B cell receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) Half the number 
B) Twice the number 
C) The same number 
D) Three times as many 
A) Half the number 
B) Twice the number 
C) The same number 
D) Three times as many A

Question 4

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is first?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma cell 
B) Pluripotent stem cell 
C) B cell 
D) Common lymphoid progenitor 
A) Plasma cell 
B) Pluripotent stem cell 
C) B cell 
D) Common lymphoid progenitor

Question 5

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is third?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma cell 
B) Pluripotent stem cell 
C) B cell 
D) Common lymphoid progenitor 
A) Plasma cell 
B) Pluripotent stem cell 
C) B cell 
D) Common lymphoid progenitor

Question 6

Which of the following explains why IgM activates complement so effectively?

Accepted Answer

A) IgM is the principal isotype in the blood 
B) Pentameric IgM has five constant regions available to interact with C1 
C) IgM is made in the innate immune response and does not require previous exposure to antigen 
D) IgM is transported across mucosal epithelium, where antigens are often first encountered by the host 
E) IgM binds with high affinity to mast cells in the connective tissue and is strategically located beneath skin and mucosal surfaces 
A) IgM is the principal isotype in the blood 
B) Pentameric IgM has five constant regions available to interact with C1 
C) IgM is made in the innate immune response and does not require previous exposure to antigen 
D) IgM is transported across mucosal epithelium, where antigens are often first encountered by the host 
E) IgM binds with high affinity to mast cells in the connective tissue and is strategically located beneath skin and mucosal surfaces

Question 7

Describe the process of transcytosis of dimeric IgA.Why is this process especially important in relation to newborns and passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Dimeric IgA is transported across epithe

Question 8

The isotype of an antibody is determined by the

Accepted Answer

A) Constant and variable regions of the heavy chain 
B) Variable region of the light chain 
C) Variable region of the heavy chain 
D) Constant region of the light chain 
E) Constant region of the heavy chain 
A) Constant and variable regions of the heavy chain 
B) Variable region of the light chain 
C) Variable region of the heavy chain 
D) Constant region of the light chain 
E) Constant region of the heavy chain

Question 9

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is fourth?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma cell 
B) Pluripotent stem cell 
C) B cell 
D) Common lymphoid progenitor 
A) Plasma cell 
B) Pluripotent stem cell 
C) B cell 
D) Common lymphoid progenitor

Question 10

When antigen binds to _____ on the surface of mast cells,inflammatory mediators are released,provoking vomiting,coughing,and sneezing.

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM

Question 11

Which is not true of dendritic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They contain antigen specific receptors 
B) MHC expression is high on dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues 
C) MHC expression is low on tissue dendritic cells 
D) They are found throughout the body 
E) They present antigens 
A) They contain antigen specific receptors 
B) MHC expression is high on dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues 
C) MHC expression is low on tissue dendritic cells 
D) They are found throughout the body 
E) They present antigens

Question 12

Which of the following accurately describes the morphological appearance of a mast cell after it has been activated?

Accepted Answer

A) The presence of large phagolysosomes in the cytoplasm 
B) A preponderance of dark granules in the cytoplasm 
C) Deterioration of the plasma membrane 
D) The absence of dark granules in the cytoplasm 
E) Division of the cell 
A) The presence of large phagolysosomes in the cytoplasm 
B) A preponderance of dark granules in the cytoplasm 
C) Deterioration of the plasma membrane 
D) The absence of dark granules in the cytoplasm 
E) Division of the cell

Question 13

Explain why it is essential for TH1 and cytotoxic T cells,but not B cells,to leave peripheral lymphoid tissues after their activation.

Accepted Answer

Th1 and cytotoxic T cells need to intera

Question 14

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Gene rearrangement of antigen-receptor genes enables the generation of a huge repertoire of antigen receptors from a limited number of gene segments 
B) The thymus shrinks as one ages 
C) B cells are located in paracortical regions of lymph nodes 
D) Co-stimulatory signals are required for lymphocyte activation 
E) Clones of lymphocytes bear the same antigen receptor 
A) Gene rearrangement of antigen-receptor genes enables the generation of a huge repertoire of antigen receptors from a limited number of gene segments 
B) The thymus shrinks as one ages 
C) B cells are located in paracortical regions of lymph nodes 
D) Co-stimulatory signals are required for lymphocyte activation 
E) Clones of lymphocytes bear the same antigen receptor

Question 15

All of the following are consequences of macrophage activation except

Accepted Answer

A) The enhancement of phagosome to lysosome fusion 
B) The production of oxygen free radicals 
C) Elevated levels of class II MHC 
D) The release of perforin 
E) Increased expression of cytokine receptors 
A) The enhancement of phagosome to lysosome fusion 
B) The production of oxygen free radicals 
C) Elevated levels of class II MHC 
D) The release of perforin 
E) Increased expression of cytokine receptors

Question 16

Which of the following is not a function of the immunoglobulin constant region?

Accepted Answer

A) Binds to specialized receptors on phagocytic cells 
B) Enables antibody transport out of the bloodstream to other anatomical locations 
C) Enhances opsonization of encapsulated bacteria 
D) Binds non-covalently to foreign antigens during infection 
E) Activates the classical pathway of complement 
A) Binds to specialized receptors on phagocytic cells 
B) Enables antibody transport out of the bloodstream to other anatomical locations 
C) Enhances opsonization of encapsulated bacteria 
D) Binds non-covalently to foreign antigens during infection 
E) Activates the classical pathway of complement

Question 17

The concentration of antibody in the serum generated in response to an infectious pathogen is called the

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma profile 
B) Antigenic load 
C) Titer 
D) Secretory piece 
A) Plasma profile 
B) Antigenic load 
C) Titer 
D) Secretory piece

Question 18

Which of the following is utilized by vaccination to produce long-lasting immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) Artificially acquired active immunity 
B) Artificially acquired passive immunity 
C) Naturally acquired active immunity 
D) Naturally acquired passive immunity 
A) Artificially acquired active immunity 
B) Artificially acquired passive immunity 
C) Naturally acquired active immunity 
D) Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 19

All of the following are characteristics of memory cells except

Accepted Answer

A) They are generated after an antigen encounter 
B) They are formed in both B and T cell responses 
C) They are maintained with the assistance of interleukins 
D) Memory cells initiate a quicker and more powerful response to a recurrence of infection than that of the initial response 
E) Once generated they do not undergo cell division 
A) They are generated after an antigen encounter 
B) They are formed in both B and T cell responses 
C) They are maintained with the assistance of interleukins 
D) Memory cells initiate a quicker and more powerful response to a recurrence of infection than that of the initial response 
E) Once generated they do not undergo cell division

Question 20

Lymphocytes bearing antigen receptors that have a high degree of affinity for self-antigen undergo _____ during B cell development.

Accepted Answer

A) Clonal deletion 
B) Rearrangement 
C) Mutation 
D) Isotype switching 
E) Atrophy 
A) Clonal deletion 
B) Rearrangement 
C) Mutation 
D) Isotype switching 
E) Atrophy

Exam 16: The Adaptive Immune Response

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is second?

Compare and contrast the heavy and light chains of a soluble antibody.Which part binds to the J chain?

How many antigen-binding sites do T cell receptors have in comparison with B cell receptors?

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is first?

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is third?

Which of the following explains why IgM activates complement so effectively?

Describe the process of transcytosis of dimeric IgA.Why is this process especially important in relation to newborns and passive immunity?

The isotype of an antibody is determined by the

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is fourth?

When antigen binds to _____ on the surface of mast cells,inflammatory mediators are released,provoking vomiting,coughing,and sneezing.

Which is not true of dendritic cells?

Which of the following accurately describes the morphological appearance of a mast cell after it has been activated?

Explain why it is essential for TH1 and cytotoxic T cells,but not B cells,to leave peripheral lymphoid tissues after their activation.

Which of the following statements is false?

All of the following are consequences of macrophage activation except

Which of the following is not a function of the immunoglobulin constant region?

The concentration of antibody in the serum generated in response to an infectious pathogen is called the

Which of the following is utilized by vaccination to produce long-lasting immunity?

All of the following are characteristics of memory cells except

Lymphocytes bearing antigen receptors that have a high degree of affinity for self-antigen undergo _____ during B cell development.

What is Microbiology and Why Does it Matter?

Fundamental Chemistry for Microbiology

Essentials of Metabolism

An Introduction to Cell Structure and Host-Pathogen Relationships

Requirements for Infection

Transmission of Infection, the Compromised Host, Epidemiology, and Diagnosing Infections

Principles of Disease

Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

The Clinical Significance of Bacterial Anatomy

Bacterial Growth

Microbial Genetics and Infectious Disease

The Structure and Infection Cycle of Viruses

Viral Infection

Parasitic and Fungal Infections

The Innate Immune Response

Failures of the Immune Response

Control of Microbial Growth with Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs

Antibiotic Resistance

Infections of the Respiratory System

Infections of the Digestive System

Infections of the Genitourinary System

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Infections of the Blood and Lymph

Infections of the Skin and Eyes

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