Exam 13: Viral Infection

The digestive tract is a common site of entry for many viruses,even though it contains stomach acid,bile,and phagocytic cells,which create a hostile environment.Which of the following viruses require entry through the digestive tract for infection?

Mr.Johnson has an immunodeficiency disease called X-linked agammaglobulinemia owing to a genetic defect in a gene called Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk),which is required for B cell development.He lacks B cells and is therefore unable to produce antibodies.He receives regular injections of gammaglobulin to ensure he has protective immunity against microbial diseases.This is an example of

Which of the following is a mismatched pair in reference to viral transmission?

Papillomavirus,which causes skin warts,is able to subvert cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)responses by

Which of the following is true about persistent viral infections?

Active viremia describes

Which of the following explains why some acute viral infections are asymptomatic in individuals exposed to a virus for the first time?

Explain why an individual who has had a prior infection with a rhinovirus is quite likely to experience another episode of rhinovirus infection at a later date.Why do we not immunize against rhinovirus?

What are the cause of over 50% of the common colds we acquire?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of latent viral infections?

All of the following cause skin rashes in humans except

Many viruses are able to be reactivated many years after initial entrance into a host.An example of this is the varicella-zoster virus and shingles.This is an example of a(n)

An example of a virus that does not use host neurons for the establishment of latency is

Virus that use the digestive tract as a site of entry can become systemic by

Which of the following is not a requirement of an effective vaccine?

Rhinovirus and influenza viruses often cause reinfection in people that have already been a host to the disease.How is this possible?

In reference to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)escape mutants,which of the following statements is correct?

Which of the following is a mismatched pair in reference to viral entry points and dissemination?

Why is vaccination the most promising approach to the control of viral epidemics? Describe the three classes of viral vaccine administered to humans and provide examples of each.

An oncogenic virus is one that