Question 1

Rearrange the following events in the order in which they occur during DNA proofreading.Which is the first event?

Accepted Answer

A) Nuclease activity catalyzes nucleotide removal 
B) The elongating DNA strand leaves the exonuclease site 
C) The elongating DNA strand slides to the exonuclease active site 
D) DNA polymerase action slows 
A) Nuclease activity catalyzes nucleotide removal 
B) The elongating DNA strand leaves the exonuclease site 
C) The elongating DNA strand slides to the exonuclease active site 
D) DNA polymerase action slows D

Question 2

Explain how the lagging strand is synthesized.Incorporate the following terms in your explanation: primase,Okazaki fragments,RNAase H,and DNA ligase.

Accepted Answer

The lagging,or discontinuous,strand moves away from the replication fork and can only be synthesized as short regions called Okazaki fragments.As DNA polymerase requires a 3'-hydroxyl group for elongation,a new RNA primer is required for each region.As the replication fork moves,the lagging strand of DNA elongates,and a special type of RNA polymerase called primase synthesizes the RNA primer using the lagging strand as a template.DNA polymerase begins elongating the strand from the primer until it reaches the end of the previous Okazaki fragment.RNAase H removes the primer RNA once the Okazaki fragment is synthesized,DNA polymerase then fills in the resulting gap,and the DNA ends are then linked together by DNA ligase.

Question 3

Explain which two regulatory components control replication initiation in circular bacterial chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

Initiation of DNA replication in bacteria begins at the origin of replication which has two regulatory components: the replicator sequence and initiator protein.The replicator sequence is a specific set of DNA sequences that include a long string of A-T base pairs.This region opens readily as there are fewer hydrogen bonds between A-T base pairs than between G-C base pairs.The initiator protein specifically recognizes and binds to the replicator sequence,and facilitates the unwinding of the adjacent DNA strands.

Question 4

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
  
-In the figure which letter (A-C)refers to the codon AUG?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The open reading frame of a portion...

Question 5

Answer true or false to the following statement: In order to pass down genetic information from generation to generation,replication of DNA must be extremely accurate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Explain how RNA differs from DNA in structure and function.

Accepted Answer

RNA differs structurally from DNA in tha

Question 7

Uracil is a component of

Accepted Answer

A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) Both DNA and RNA 
D) Neither DNA or RNA 
A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) Both DNA and RNA 
D) Neither DNA or RNA

Question 8

A(n)_____ has an anticodon,which ensures the correct amino acid will be added to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) Repressor 
B) mRNA 
C) tRNA 
D) rRNA 
E) Operon 
A) Repressor 
B) mRNA 
C) tRNA 
D) rRNA 
E) Operon

Question 9

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Accepted Answer

A) Catabolic activator protein (CAP): lacI 
B) lacZ: beta-galactosidase 
C) lacA: transacetylase 
D) High glucose levels; low cAMP levels 
E) lacY: permease 
A) Catabolic activator protein (CAP): lacI 
B) lacZ: beta-galactosidase 
C) lacA: transacetylase 
D) High glucose levels; low cAMP levels 
E) lacY: permease

Question 10

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
 Codons on mRNA and the amino acids they code
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
  
-Use the table to answer the following.What is the sequence of amino acids coded for by the following sequence of bases in the non-template strand of DNA? 3´ TAACGCTTGCA 5'

Accepted Answer

A) Leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
B) Asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine 
C) Transcription would stop at the first codon 
D) Asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
E) Translation would stop at the first codon 
A) Leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
B) Asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine 
C) Transcription would stop at the first codon 
D) Asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine 
E) Translation would stop at the first codon

Question 11

A sugar with -OH on both the 2' and the 3' carbons is a component of

Accepted Answer

A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) Both DNA and RNA 
D) Neither DNA or RNA 
A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) Both DNA and RNA 
D) Neither DNA or RNA

Question 12

Amino acids are escorted to ribosomes during protein synthesis using

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) aRNA 
C) rRNA 
D) sRNA 
E) tRNA 
A) mRNA 
B) aRNA 
C) rRNA 
D) sRNA 
E) tRNA

Question 13

The term _____ is used to explain the redundancy of the genetic code.

Accepted Answer

A) Error-prone 
B) Degenerate 
C) Unfaithful 
D) Duplicity 
A) Error-prone 
B) Degenerate 
C) Unfaithful 
D) Duplicity

Question 14

Which of the following is not an example of a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

A) UAA 
B) UAG 
C) UGG 
D) UGA 
A) UAA 
B) UAG 
C) UGG 
D) UGA

Question 15

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
  
-Suppose the translation is aberrant and an inactive truncated protein is produced.In the figure which letter (A-C)do you predict you would find UAG?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The open reading frame of a portion...

Question 16

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
 Codons on mRNA and the amino acids they code
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
  
-Use the table to answer the following.If the sequence of amino acids coded for is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine,what is the order of bases in the mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) 3´ UCUCGUUUGUUA 5' 
B) 5´ UCGGCAAAGUUA 3' 
C) 3´ AGACGTTTCAAT 5' 
D) 3´ TCTCGTTTGTTA 5' 
E) 5´ AGAGCTTTGAAT 3' 
A) 3´ UCUCGUUUGUUA 5' 
B) 5´ UCGGCAAAGUUA 3' 
C) 3´ AGACGTTTCAAT 5' 
D) 3´ TCTCGTTTGTTA 5' 
E) 5´ AGAGCTTTGAAT 3'

Question 17

Which of the following is not an example of how DNA damage occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Deamination 
B) Radiation 
C) Photoreactivation 
D) Oxidation 
E) Sunlight 
A) Deamination 
B) Radiation 
C) Photoreactivation 
D) Oxidation 
E) Sunlight

Question 18

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA.
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
  
-In the figure which letter (A-C)refers to the codon,UAA?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The open reading frame of a portion...

Question 19

Which of the following binds to the lactose repressor protein and changes its shape so that it can no longer bind to the operator site of the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose 
B) cAMP 
C) CAP 
D) Allolactose 
A) Glucose 
B) cAMP 
C) CAP 
D) Allolactose

Question 20

In bacteria,the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan is regulated by a mechanism analogous to

Accepted Answer

A) Gene induction 
B) Feedback inhibition 
C) Constitutive gene expression 
D) Suppressor mutation 
E) Frame shift regulation 
A) Gene induction 
B) Feedback inhibition 
C) Constitutive gene expression 
D) Suppressor mutation 
E) Frame shift regulation

Exam 11: Microbial Genetics and Infectious Disease

Rearrange the following events in the order in which they occur during DNA proofreading.Which is the first event?

Explain how the lagging strand is synthesized.Incorporate the following terms in your explanation: primase,Okazaki fragments,RNAase H,and DNA ligase.

Explain which two regulatory components control replication initiation in circular bacterial chromosomes.

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA. Use the figure below to answer the following questions. -In the figure which letter (A-C)refers to the codon AUG?

Answer true or false to the following statement: In order to pass down genetic information from generation to generation,replication of DNA must be extremely accurate.

Explain how RNA differs from DNA in structure and function.

Uracil is a component of

A(n)_____ has an anticodon,which ensures the correct amino acid will be added to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A sugar with -OH on both the 2' and the 3' carbons is a component of

Amino acids are escorted to ribosomes during protein synthesis using

The term _____ is used to explain the redundancy of the genetic code.

Which of the following is not an example of a stop codon?

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA. Use the figure below to answer the following questions. -Suppose the translation is aberrant and an inactive truncated protein is produced.In the figure which letter (A-C)do you predict you would find UAG?

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA. Codons on mRNA and the amino acids they code Use the table below to answer the following questions. -Use the table to answer the following.If the sequence of amino acids coded for is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine,what is the order of bases in the mRNA?

Which of the following is not an example of how DNA damage occurs?

The open reading frame of a portion of mRNA. Use the figure below to answer the following questions. -In the figure which letter (A-C)refers to the codon,UAA?

Which of the following binds to the lactose repressor protein and changes its shape so that it can no longer bind to the operator site of the lac operon?

In bacteria,the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan is regulated by a mechanism analogous to

What is Microbiology and Why Does it Matter?

Fundamental Chemistry for Microbiology

Essentials of Metabolism

An Introduction to Cell Structure and Host-Pathogen Relationships

Requirements for Infection

Transmission of Infection, the Compromised Host, Epidemiology, and Diagnosing Infections

Principles of Disease

Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

The Clinical Significance of Bacterial Anatomy

Bacterial Growth

The Structure and Infection Cycle of Viruses

Viral Infection

Parasitic and Fungal Infections

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Failures of the Immune Response

Control of Microbial Growth with Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs

Antibiotic Resistance

Infections of the Respiratory System

Infections of the Digestive System

Infections of the Genitourinary System

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Infections of the Blood and Lymph

Infections of the Skin and Eyes

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