Question 1

Gram-positive bacteria have a net negative charge on their surface as a result of the presence of

Accepted Answer

A) Lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall 
B) Porins in the plasma membrane 
C) An outer membrane 
D) Teichoic acid molecules in the cell wall 
E) M proteins in the cell wall 
A) Lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall 
B) Porins in the plasma membrane 
C) An outer membrane 
D) Teichoic acid molecules in the cell wall 
E) M proteins in the cell wall D

Question 2

The outer membrane is found in _____ bacteria and is composed of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Gram-positive; lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, and phospholipid 
B) Gram-negative; lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, and phospholipid 
C) Gram-positive; teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid 
D) Gram-negative; teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid 
A) Gram-positive; lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, and phospholipid 
B) Gram-negative; lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, and phospholipid 
C) Gram-positive; teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid 
D) Gram-negative; teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid B

Question 3

You are examining a blood agar plate that contains colonies exhibiting a wet,sticky appearance.Explain what characteristic of bacteria gives rise to this feature and why it can be problematic in the host during an infection.

Accepted Answer

The glycocalyx,a sticky substance composed of polysaccharides and/or polypeptides that is secreted to the outside of the bacterial cell wall,gives colonies grown on agar plates a wet and shiny appearance.It enables bacteria to adhere to surfaces and the secreted molecules can either be fastened to the cell wall loosely,to form a slime layer,or tightly and highly organized to form a capsule.The glycocalyx provides protection from environmental stresses and host defense mechanisms.Slime layers are important in the formation of biofilms that are associated with tooth decay.Capsules increase infectivity as they inhibit phagocytosis,preventing the adherence of phagocytic cells to the encapsulated bacteria,and allowing the infection process to continue.

Question 4

Answer true or false to the following statement: The outer layer of Gram-negative organisms functions as an exotoxin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is the process by which bacteria in a dormant spore state return to the vegetative state?

Accepted Answer

A) Translation 
B) Group translocation 
C) Germination 
D) Conjugation 
E) Sporulation 
A) Translation 
B) Group translocation 
C) Germination 
D) Conjugation 
E) Sporulation

Question 6

Which is not an example of the way Neisseria use basal body pili modification during an infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Secretion of S pili 
B) Post-translational modification 
C) Phase variation 
D) Secretion of pili-specific proteases 
E) Antigenic variation 
A) Secretion of S pili 
B) Post-translational modification 
C) Phase variation 
D) Secretion of pili-specific proteases 
E) Antigenic variation

Question 7

Describe two types of passive transport.Explain how they are similar and different from each other.

Accepted Answer

The two types of passive transport are s

Question 8

Answer true or false to the following statement: Some Gram-negative bacteria incorporate virulence factors known as M proteins in their cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Answer true or false to the following statement: Teichoic acid is a glycoprotein that can be found in two forms: wall teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What is clipped from proteins as they are secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Inclusion body 
B) Signal sequence 
C) Endospore 
D) Porin 
E) Glycocalyx 
A) Inclusion body 
B) Signal sequence 
C) Endospore 
D) Porin 
E) Glycocalyx

Question 11

A waxy substance called _____ is part of the cell wall of Mycobacterium spp.

Accepted Answer

A) Mycolic acid 
B) M protein 
C) Lipid A 
D) Lipoteichoic acid 
E) The slime layer 
A) Mycolic acid 
B) M protein 
C) Lipid A 
D) Lipoteichoic acid 
E) The slime layer

Question 12

Treponema pallidum,the causative agent of syphilis,is able to bore through tissues by using

Accepted Answer

A) S pili 
B) Flagella 
C) Hooks 
D) Axial filaments 
E) Integral proteins 
A) S pili 
B) Flagella 
C) Hooks 
D) Axial filaments 
E) Integral proteins

Question 13

Protein synthesis requires particles called _____,which perform the process of_____.

Accepted Answer

A) Ribosomes; translation 
B) Endospore; germination 
C) Inclusion bodies; group translocation 
D) Capsule; conjugation 
E) Plasmids; DNA replication 
A) Ribosomes; translation 
B) Endospore; germination 
C) Inclusion bodies; group translocation 
D) Capsule; conjugation 
E) Plasmids; DNA replication

Question 14

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) Secretion 
B) Protection from osmotic pressure 
C) Energy production 
D) DNA replication 
E) Transport 
A) Secretion 
B) Protection from osmotic pressure 
C) Energy production 
D) DNA replication 
E) Transport

Question 15

A bacterium with a tuft of flagella at one end of the cell has _____ flagella.

Accepted Answer

A) Peritrichous 
B) Amphitrichous 
C) Lophotrichous 
D) Monotrichous 
A) Peritrichous 
B) Amphitrichous 
C) Lophotrichous 
D) Monotrichous

Question 16

Some bacteria incorporate chemical entities into their cell walls that contribute to virulence.Provide three examples and explain why these molecules increase the virulence of these bacteria.

Accepted Answer

M proteins,mycolic acid,and lipid A are

Question 17

Answer true or false to the following statement: The bacterial outer membrane is permeable to most antibiotics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

A) It protects from differences in osmolarity between intracellular and extracellular environments 
B) It uses non-covalent bonds, permitting rapid synthesis during active growth periods 
C) It is made, in part, of a peptidoglycan backbone 
D) It is synthesized using enzymes such as transglycosylase, transpeptidase, polymerase, and hydrolase 
E) Its synthesis is inhibited by the antibiotic fosfomycin 
A) It protects from differences in osmolarity between intracellular and extracellular environments 
B) It uses non-covalent bonds, permitting rapid synthesis during active growth periods 
C) It is made, in part, of a peptidoglycan backbone 
D) It is synthesized using enzymes such as transglycosylase, transpeptidase, polymerase, and hydrolase 
E) Its synthesis is inhibited by the antibiotic fosfomycin

Question 19

Predict what would happen if the bacterial efflux pumps fail.

Accepted Answer

A) Uptake of glucose would be inhibited 
B) The cell will become less antibiotic resistant 
C) The high-energy phosphate, PEP, will build up in the cell 
D) Osmosis will slow 
E) Osmosis will accelerate 
A) Uptake of glucose would be inhibited 
B) The cell will become less antibiotic resistant 
C) The high-energy phosphate, PEP, will build up in the cell 
D) Osmosis will slow 
E) Osmosis will accelerate

Question 20

Which of the following is not an example of active transport?

Accepted Answer

A) Group translocation 
B) Efflux pumping 
C) Simple diffusion 
D) ABC transport systems 
E) ATP dependent diffusion 
A) Group translocation 
B) Efflux pumping 
C) Simple diffusion 
D) ABC transport systems 
E) ATP dependent diffusion

Exam 9: The Clinical Significance of Bacterial Anatomy

Gram-positive bacteria have a net negative charge on their surface as a result of the presence of

The outer membrane is found in _____ bacteria and is composed of _____.

You are examining a blood agar plate that contains colonies exhibiting a wet,sticky appearance.Explain what characteristic of bacteria gives rise to this feature and why it can be problematic in the host during an infection.

Answer true or false to the following statement: The outer layer of Gram-negative organisms functions as an exotoxin.

What is the process by which bacteria in a dormant spore state return to the vegetative state?

Which is not an example of the way Neisseria use basal body pili modification during an infection?

Describe two types of passive transport.Explain how they are similar and different from each other.

Answer true or false to the following statement: Some Gram-negative bacteria incorporate virulence factors known as M proteins in their cell walls.

Answer true or false to the following statement: Teichoic acid is a glycoprotein that can be found in two forms: wall teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid.

What is clipped from proteins as they are secreted from the cell?

A waxy substance called _____ is part of the cell wall of Mycobacterium spp.

Treponema pallidum,the causative agent of syphilis,is able to bore through tissues by using

Protein synthesis requires particles called _____,which perform the process of_____.

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?

A bacterium with a tuft of flagella at one end of the cell has _____ flagella.

Some bacteria incorporate chemical entities into their cell walls that contribute to virulence.Provide three examples and explain why these molecules increase the virulence of these bacteria.

Answer true or false to the following statement: The bacterial outer membrane is permeable to most antibiotics.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the bacterial cell wall?

Predict what would happen if the bacterial efflux pumps fail.

Which of the following is not an example of active transport?

What is Microbiology and Why Does it Matter?

Fundamental Chemistry for Microbiology

Essentials of Metabolism

An Introduction to Cell Structure and Host-Pathogen Relationships

Requirements for Infection

Transmission of Infection, the Compromised Host, Epidemiology, and Diagnosing Infections

Principles of Disease

Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

Bacterial Growth

Microbial Genetics and Infectious Disease

The Structure and Infection Cycle of Viruses

Viral Infection

Parasitic and Fungal Infections

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Failures of the Immune Response

Control of Microbial Growth with Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs

Antibiotic Resistance

Infections of the Respiratory System

Infections of the Digestive System

Infections of the Genitourinary System

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Infections of the Blood and Lymph

Infections of the Skin and Eyes

Filters

The outer membrane is found in _ bacteria and is composed of _.

Protein synthesis requires particles called _,which perform the process of_.