Question 1

"Rice-water stool" is related to _____,which results in the release of large quantities of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcal diarrhea; hemolysin 
B) Bacillary dysentery; protein synthesis inhibitors 
C) Cholera; electrolytes 
D) Salmonella food poisoning; lipopolysaccharide 
E) Tetanus; snare protein proteases 
A) Staphylococcal diarrhea; hemolysin 
B) Bacillary dysentery; protein synthesis inhibitors 
C) Cholera; electrolytes 
D) Salmonella food poisoning; lipopolysaccharide 
E) Tetanus; snare protein proteases C

Question 2

Which of the following exotoxins produces an effect that is the opposite of tetanus toxin?

Accepted Answer

A) Botulinum toxin 
B) Diphtheria toxin 
C) Anthrax toxin 
D) Tetanus toxin 
E) Endotoxin toxin 
A) Botulinum toxin 
B) Diphtheria toxin 
C) Anthrax toxin 
D) Tetanus toxin 
E) Endotoxin toxin A

Question 3

Which of the following is incorrect regarding M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes?

Accepted Answer

A) Induce dynamic changes in vascular permeability in the host 
B) Cause a rapid loss of fluids from the body 
C) Cause difficulty in ventilating the lungs 
D) Produce granulomas 
E) All the choices are incorrect 
A) Induce dynamic changes in vascular permeability in the host 
B) Cause a rapid loss of fluids from the body 
C) Cause difficulty in ventilating the lungs 
D) Produce granulomas 
E) All the choices are incorrect D

Question 4

Urinary tract infections are more prevalent in women than in men because

Accepted Answer

A) Women use tampons 
B) Women prefer bathing to showering 
C) Of the closer proximity of the anus to the urethra 
D) The resident bacteria of women are different from those of men 
A) Women use tampons 
B) Women prefer bathing to showering 
C) Of the closer proximity of the anus to the urethra 
D) The resident bacteria of women are different from those of men

Question 5

"Lockjaw" is a symptom of infection with

Accepted Answer

A) Clostridium perfringens 
B) Clostridium botulinum 
C) Bacillus anthracis 
D) Clostridium tetani 
E) Yersinia pestis 
A) Clostridium perfringens 
B) Clostridium botulinum 
C) Bacillus anthracis 
D) Clostridium tetani 
E) Yersinia pestis

Question 6

Botulinum toxin is used as a partial or cosmetic treatment for strabismus (crosseye or walleye).What is the mechanism of its action?

Accepted Answer

The botulinum toxin works by removing th

Question 7

_____ enhances fibrin blood clots,whereas _____ breaks them down.

Accepted Answer

A) hemolysin; leukocidin 
B) hyaluronidase; collagenase 
C) coagulase; streptokinase 
D) coagulase; collagenase 
E) endotoxin; exotoxin 
A) hemolysin; leukocidin 
B) hyaluronidase; collagenase 
C) coagulase; streptokinase 
D) coagulase; collagenase 
E) endotoxin; exotoxin

Question 8

Which of the following diseases is not likely to have been acquired through a mucous membrane-associated portal of entry?

Accepted Answer

A) Tuberculosis 
B) Tetanus 
C) Gonorrhea 
D) Chickenpox 
E) Cholera 
A) Tuberculosis 
B) Tetanus 
C) Gonorrhea 
D) Chickenpox 
E) Cholera

Question 9

Which of the following is the most virulent?

Accepted Answer

A) Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) 
B) Yersinia pestis (plague) 
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (infections of burns) 
D) Clostridium difficile (antibiotic-induced colitis) 
E) Candida albicans (vaginitis, thrush) 
A) Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) 
B) Yersinia pestis (plague) 
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (infections of burns) 
D) Clostridium difficile (antibiotic-induced colitis) 
E) Candida albicans (vaginitis, thrush)

Question 10

The portion of the lipopolysaccharide that is toxic to the host is the

Accepted Answer

A)  β subunit 
B) The snare protein 
C) Lipid A 
D) α subunit 
A)  β subunit 
B) The snare protein 
C) Lipid A 
D) α subunit

Question 11

Identify three types of exotoxin and indicate their effect in the host.Provide two specific examples of each type of exotoxin and the name of the organisms that produce it.

Accepted Answer

Exotoxins include neurotoxins,cytotoxins

Question 12

Which of the following is not a characteristic of exotoxins?

Accepted Answer

A) Highly antigenic 
B) Cause disseminated intravascular clotting (DI
C)  
C) Converted to toxoids for vaccine use 
D) Lethal in small quantities 
E) Unstable at high temperatures 
A) Highly antigenic 
B) Cause disseminated intravascular clotting (DI
C)  
C) Converted to toxoids for vaccine use 
D) Lethal in small quantities 
E) Unstable at high temperatures

Question 13

Which of the following toxins inhibits the release of acetylcholine from neuromuscular junctions?

Accepted Answer

A) Botulinum toxin 
B) Diphtheria toxin 
C) Anthrax toxin 
D) Tetanus toxin 
E) Endotoxin 
A) Botulinum toxin 
B) Diphtheria toxin 
C) Anthrax toxin 
D) Tetanus toxin 
E) Endotoxin

Question 14

Which of the following is the process by which phagocytic cells adhere to and ingest antibody-coated or complement-coated bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Resolution 
B) Pinocytosis 
C) Phagocytosis 
D) Binary fission 
E) Opsonization 
A) Resolution 
B) Pinocytosis 
C) Phagocytosis 
D) Binary fission 
E) Opsonization

Question 15

Which of the following made by bacteria destroys red blood cells in the host?

Accepted Answer

A) Coagulase 
B) Hyaluronidase 
C) Leukocidin 
D) Collagenase 
E) Hemolysin 
A) Coagulase 
B) Hyaluronidase 
C) Leukocidin 
D) Collagenase 
E) Hemolysin

Question 16

Which is a portal of entry?

Accepted Answer

A) Mucous membrane 
B) Skin surface 
C) Gums 
D) Skin cut 
E) All of the choices 
A) Mucous membrane 
B) Skin surface 
C) Gums 
D) Skin cut 
E) All of the choices

Question 17

Virulence factors fall into two main classes; defensive (protecting the pathogen from destruction by the host)and offensive (destructive to host cells or triggering dangerous host responses.)Give three examples of each type and explain how each is defensive or offensive.Can you think of a virulence factor that is both defensive and offensive?

Accepted Answer

Defensive measures include encapsulation

Question 18

What is the test used to detect the presence of endotoxins on clinical instrumentation? Explain how the test is performed.

Accepted Answer

The test is called the Limulus amebocyte

Question 19

Which of the following is not a location where mucous membranes are found?

Accepted Answer

A) Lungs 
B) Esophagus 
C) Urinary bladder 
D) Vagina 
E) Pancreas 
A) Lungs 
B) Esophagus 
C) Urinary bladder 
D) Vagina 
E) Pancreas

Question 20

An autopsy report of a recently deceased person reveals Negri bodies in infected tissues.The person was probably infected by

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory syncytial virus 
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C) Bacillus anthracis 
D) Rabies virus 
E) Yersinia pestis 
A) Respiratory syncytial virus 
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C) Bacillus anthracis 
D) Rabies virus 
E) Yersinia pestis

Exam 5: Requirements for Infection

"Rice-water stool" is related to _____,which results in the release of large quantities of _____.

Which of the following exotoxins produces an effect that is the opposite of tetanus toxin?

Which of the following is incorrect regarding M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes?

Urinary tract infections are more prevalent in women than in men because

"Lockjaw" is a symptom of infection with

Botulinum toxin is used as a partial or cosmetic treatment for strabismus (crosseye or walleye).What is the mechanism of its action?

_____ enhances fibrin blood clots,whereas _____ breaks them down.

Which of the following diseases is not likely to have been acquired through a mucous membrane-associated portal of entry?

Which of the following is the most virulent?

The portion of the lipopolysaccharide that is toxic to the host is the

Identify three types of exotoxin and indicate their effect in the host.Provide two specific examples of each type of exotoxin and the name of the organisms that produce it.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of exotoxins?

Which of the following toxins inhibits the release of acetylcholine from neuromuscular junctions?

Which of the following is the process by which phagocytic cells adhere to and ingest antibody-coated or complement-coated bacteria?

Which of the following made by bacteria destroys red blood cells in the host?

Which is a portal of entry?

What is the test used to detect the presence of endotoxins on clinical instrumentation? Explain how the test is performed.

Which of the following is not a location where mucous membranes are found?

An autopsy report of a recently deceased person reveals Negri bodies in infected tissues.The person was probably infected by

What is Microbiology and Why Does it Matter?

Fundamental Chemistry for Microbiology

Essentials of Metabolism

An Introduction to Cell Structure and Host-Pathogen Relationships

Transmission of Infection, the Compromised Host, Epidemiology, and Diagnosing Infections

Principles of Disease

Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

The Clinical Significance of Bacterial Anatomy

Bacterial Growth

Microbial Genetics and Infectious Disease

The Structure and Infection Cycle of Viruses

Viral Infection

Parasitic and Fungal Infections

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Failures of the Immune Response

Control of Microbial Growth with Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs

Antibiotic Resistance

Infections of the Respiratory System

Infections of the Digestive System

Infections of the Genitourinary System

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Infections of the Blood and Lymph

Infections of the Skin and Eyes

Filters

"Rice-water stool" is related to _,which results in the release of large quantities of _.

_ enhances fibrin blood clots,whereas _ breaks them down.