Question 1

Disruption of DNA synthesis occurs if _____ is targeted by antibiotics.

Accepted Answer

A) Bacterial RNA polymerase 
B) N-acetylglucosamine 
C) Bacterial topoisomerase 
D) The A site of the bacterial ribosome 
A) Bacterial RNA polymerase 
B) N-acetylglucosamine 
C) Bacterial topoisomerase 
D) The A site of the bacterial ribosome C

Question 2

Augmentin combines amoxicillin with _____ to overcome enzymatic resistance to the antibiotic by the microbe.

Accepted Answer

A) β-lactamase 
B) Clavulanic acid 
C) Transpeptidase 
D) Sulbactam 
E) Cilastatin 
A) β-lactamase 
B) Clavulanic acid 
C) Transpeptidase 
D) Sulbactam 
E) Cilastatin B

Question 3

Cephalosporins are more effective than the penicillins against Gram-negative bacteria because they

Accepted Answer

A) Are unable to penetrate the outer membrane through the porin molecules 
B) Lack a beta-lactam ring 
C) Have a longer half-life in vivo 
D) Contain Cilastatin, which prevents destruction of the antibiotic by the kidneys 
E) Are resistant to ?-lactamase enzyme activity 
A) Are unable to penetrate the outer membrane through the porin molecules 
B) Lack a beta-lactam ring 
C) Have a longer half-life in vivo 
D) Contain Cilastatin, which prevents destruction of the antibiotic by the kidneys 
E) Are resistant to ?-lactamase enzyme activity E

Question 4

Which of the following is not a drug used for protozoan and helminth infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Metronidazole 
B) Flucytosine 
C) Chloroquine 
D) Piperazine 
E) Melarsoprol 
A) Metronidazole 
B) Flucytosine 
C) Chloroquine 
D) Piperazine 
E) Melarsoprol

Question 5

All of the following target the 50S ribosomal subunit except

Accepted Answer

A) Chloramphenicol 
B) Azithromycin 
C) Streptomycin 
D) Erythromycin 
A) Chloramphenicol 
B) Azithromycin 
C) Streptomycin 
D) Erythromycin

Question 6

Ampicillin is referred to as a semi-synthetic form of penicillin because it blocks the synthesis of half the cell wall components.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is not a drug used for fungal infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Azoles 
B) Foscarnet 
C) Pentamidine 
D) Amphotericin B 
E) Flucytosine 
A) Azoles 
B) Foscarnet 
C) Pentamidine 
D) Amphotericin B 
E) Flucytosine

Question 8

Which of the following is not a drug used for viral infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Zanamivir 
B) Lamivudine (3T
C)  
C) Ritonavir 
D) Flucytosine 
E) Ganciclovir 
A) Zanamivir 
B) Lamivudine (3T
C)  
C) Ritonavir 
D) Flucytosine 
E) Ganciclovir

Question 9

Which of the following is the drug combination of choice when treating tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Vancomycin, imipenem, aztreonam 
B) Methicillin, teicoplanin, isoniazid 
C) Polymyxin B, ethambutol, erythromycin 
D) Isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin 
E) Tetracycline, rifamycin, ciprofloxacin 
A) Vancomycin, imipenem, aztreonam 
B) Methicillin, teicoplanin, isoniazid 
C) Polymyxin B, ethambutol, erythromycin 
D) Isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin 
E) Tetracycline, rifamycin, ciprofloxacin

Question 10

Why is it advantageous for bacteria such as Streptomyces species to synthesize antibiotics? Explain three ways in which antibiotic-producing microorganisms protect themselves from the effects of these compounds.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria such as Strepomyces produce ant

Question 11

Explain why are antibiotics that are protein synthesis inhibitors are excellent choices for therapy in the context of toxicity? Why might large doses of protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics show toxic effects in eukaryotic cells even though they meet the criterion for selective toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Answers: Bacteria possess ribosomes that

Question 12

Explain how sulfa drugs exert their antimicrobial effects.Why is this lethal to the bacterium and how are these drugs selectively toxic?

Accepted Answer

Answers: Sulfa drugs,such as sulfamethox

Question 13

An antimicrobial compound that is activated enzymatically after its introduction into the body is a

Accepted Answer

A) Prodrug 
B) Antibiotic 
C) Probiotic 
D) Competitive inhibitor 
A) Prodrug 
B) Antibiotic 
C) Probiotic 
D) Competitive inhibitor

Question 14

Which of the following antibiotics is mismatched with its mode of action?

Accepted Answer

A) Vancomycin: inhibition of cell wall synthesis in Gram-negative bacteria 
B) Aminoglycosides: binding to 30S ribosomal subunit and blocking of protein synthesis 
C) Isoniazid: inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis 
D) Polymyxin B: disruption of plasma membrane 
E) Polypeptide antibiotics: inhibition of peptidoglycan polymerization 
A) Vancomycin: inhibition of cell wall synthesis in Gram-negative bacteria 
B) Aminoglycosides: binding to 30S ribosomal subunit and blocking of protein synthesis 
C) Isoniazid: inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis 
D) Polymyxin B: disruption of plasma membrane 
E) Polypeptide antibiotics: inhibition of peptidoglycan polymerization

Question 15

Penicillin resistance in bacteria is conferred by the production of

Accepted Answer

A) Lysozyme 
B) Transglycosylase 
C) β-lactamase 
D) N-acetylglucosamine 
E) Penicillin-binding proteins 
A) Lysozyme 
B) Transglycosylase 
C) β-lactamase 
D) N-acetylglucosamine 
E) Penicillin-binding proteins

Question 16

People began to think that infectious disease was a thing of the past because of antibiotics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Bacteria that have evolved the ability to produce ?-lactamase have become resistant to penicillin because all forms of penicillin contain this ring structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Discuss selective toxicity as it relates to antimicrobials.

Accepted Answer

Selective toxicity is the ability to cau

Question 19

A pair of antibiotics used to treat vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections is marketed under the name

Accepted Answer

A) Synercid 
B) Augmentin 
C) Timentin 
D) Primaxin 
E) Unasyn 
A) Synercid 
B) Augmentin 
C) Timentin 
D) Primaxin 
E) Unasyn

Question 20

The efficacy of penicillin is highest during the _____ phase of the bacterial life cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) Static 
B) Active growth 
C) Stationary 
D) Death 
A) Static 
B) Active growth 
C) Stationary 
D) Death

Exam 19: Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs

Disruption of DNA synthesis occurs if _____ is targeted by antibiotics.

Augmentin combines amoxicillin with _____ to overcome enzymatic resistance to the antibiotic by the microbe.

Cephalosporins are more effective than the penicillins against Gram-negative bacteria because they

Which of the following is not a drug used for protozoan and helminth infections?

All of the following target the 50S ribosomal subunit except

Ampicillin is referred to as a semi-synthetic form of penicillin because it blocks the synthesis of half the cell wall components.

Which of the following is not a drug used for fungal infections?

Which of the following is not a drug used for viral infections?

Which of the following is the drug combination of choice when treating tuberculosis?

Why is it advantageous for bacteria such as Streptomyces species to synthesize antibiotics? Explain three ways in which antibiotic-producing microorganisms protect themselves from the effects of these compounds.

Explain why are antibiotics that are protein synthesis inhibitors are excellent choices for therapy in the context of toxicity? Why might large doses of protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics show toxic effects in eukaryotic cells even though they meet the criterion for selective toxicity?

Explain how sulfa drugs exert their antimicrobial effects.Why is this lethal to the bacterium and how are these drugs selectively toxic?

An antimicrobial compound that is activated enzymatically after its introduction into the body is a

Which of the following antibiotics is mismatched with its mode of action?

Penicillin resistance in bacteria is conferred by the production of

People began to think that infectious disease was a thing of the past because of antibiotics.

Bacteria that have evolved the ability to produce ?-lactamase have become resistant to penicillin because all forms of penicillin contain this ring structure.

Discuss selective toxicity as it relates to antimicrobials.

A pair of antibiotics used to treat vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections is marketed under the name

The efficacy of penicillin is highest during the _____ phase of the bacterial life cycle.

What is Microbiology and Why Does it Matter?

Fundamental Chemistry for Microbiology

Essentials of Metabolism

An Introduction to Cell Structure and Host-Pathogen Relationships

Requirements for Infection

Transmission of Infection, the Compromised Host, Epidemiology, and Diagnosing Infections

Principles of Disease

Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

The Clinical Significance of Bacterial Anatomy

Bacterial Growth

Microbial Genetics and Infectious Disease

The Structure and Infection Cycle of Viruses

Viral Infection

Parasitic and Fungal Infections

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Failures of the Immune Response

Control of Microbial Growth with Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Antibiotic Resistance

Infections of the Respiratory System

Infections of the Digestive System

Infections of the Genitourinary System

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Infections of the Blood and Lymph

Infections of the Skin and Eyes

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