Question 1

The rates of radioactive decay processes, like the rates of chemical reactions, are sensitive to temperature changes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Consider the following decay series: ${ }_{84}^{218} \mathrm{Po} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{a}}{ }_{82}^{214} \mathrm{~Pb} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{~b}}{ }_{83}^{214} \mathrm{Bi} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{c}}{ }_{84}^{214} \mathrm{Po} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{~d}}{ }_{82}^{210} \mathrm{~Pb}$ Which type of nuclear process occurs in steps c and d, respectively

Accepted Answer

A)  aemission, a emission 
B)  aemission, b emission 
C)  bemission, positron emission 
D)  bemission, a emission 
E)  positron emission, b emission 
A)  aemission, a emission 
B)  aemission, b emission 
C)  bemission, positron emission 
D)  bemission, a emission 
E)  positron emission, b emission

Question 3

Consider the following decay series:   What type of nuclear process occurs at the transformation labeled II

Accepted Answer

A)  aemission 
B)  bemission 
C)  positron emission 
D)  electron capture 
E)  gamma radiation 
A)  aemission 
B)  bemission 
C)  positron emission 
D)  electron capture 
E)  gamma radiation

Question 4

On a plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons, a nucleus of aluminum-28 lies above the belt of stability. During the radioactive decay of aluminum-28 a beta particle is emitted, what isotope is also formed

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ }_{14}^{29} \mathrm{Si}$ 
B)  ${ }_{13}^{27} \mathrm{Al}$ 
C)  ${ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ 
D)  ${ }_{15}^{28} P$ 
E)  None of the above 
A)  ${ }_{14}^{29} \mathrm{Si}$ 
B)  ${ }_{13}^{27} \mathrm{Al}$ 
C)  ${ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ 
D)  ${ }_{15}^{28} P$ 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

Balance the equation ${ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} \rightarrow ?+{ }_{40}^{97} \mathrm{Zr}+2{ }_{6}^{1} \mathrm{n} .$

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ }_{52}^{135} \mathrm{Te}$ 
B)  ${ }_{52}^{137} \mathrm{Te}$ 
C)  ${ }_{50}^{137} \mathrm{Sn}$ 
D)  ${ }_{50}^{135} \mathrm{Sn}$ 
E)  None of the above 
A)  ${ }_{52}^{135} \mathrm{Te}$ 
B)  ${ }_{52}^{137} \mathrm{Te}$ 
C)  ${ }_{50}^{137} \mathrm{Sn}$ 
D)  ${ }_{50}^{135} \mathrm{Sn}$ 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

Balance the equation ${ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}+{ }_{40}^{97} \mathrm{Zr} \rightarrow ?+{ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H} .$

Accepted Answer

A)  $^{98}_{39}$Y 
B)  ${ }_{38}^{97}$Y 
C)  ${ }_{38}^{97}$Y 
D)  ${ }_{38}^{96}$Y 
E)  None of the above 
A)  $^{98}_{39}$Y 
B)  ${ }_{38}^{97}$Y 
C)  ${ }_{38}^{97}$Y 
D)  ${ }_{38}^{96}$Y 
E)  None of the above

Question 7

Compared to chemical reactions nuclear reactions, in terms of the quantity of energy released, have approximately one thousand times greater energy production for comparable amounts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The definition of free radicals is molecular fragments having one or more unpaired electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Consider the following decay series:   What type of nuclear process occurs at the transformation labeled I

Accepted Answer

A)  aemission 
B)  bemission 
C)  positron emission 
D)  electron capture 
E)  gamma radiation 
A)  aemission 
B)  bemission 
C)  positron emission 
D)  electron capture 
E)  gamma radiation

Question 10

Decay of ruthenium-93 by positron emission yields

Accepted Answer

A)  technetium-93. 
B)  molybdenum-89. 
C)  palladium-97. 
D)  rhenium-93. 
E)  ruthenium-92. 
A)  technetium-93. 
B)  molybdenum-89. 
C)  palladium-97. 
D)  rhenium-93. 
E)  ruthenium-92.

Question 11

Find the nuclear binding energy of potassium-40 (atomic mass = 39.9632591 amu) in units of joules per nucleon. [Data: neutron mass = 1.674928 * 10-24 g; proton mass = 1.672623 * 10-24g; electron mass = 9.109387 * 10-28 g; NA = 6.0221367 * 1023 /mol; c = 2.99792458 * 108 m/s]

Accepted Answer

A)  1.37 * 10-12 J/nucleon 
B)  5.48 * 10-11 J/nucleon 
C)  5.64 * 10-11 J/nucleon 
D)  1.41 * 10-12 J/nucleon 
E)  2.97 * 10-12 J/nucleon 
A)  1.37 * 10-12 J/nucleon 
B)  5.48 * 10-11 J/nucleon 
C)  5.64 * 10-11 J/nucleon 
D)  1.41 * 10-12 J/nucleon 
E)  2.97 * 10-12 J/nucleon

Question 12

What role does cadmium metal (Cd) play in a nuclear reactor

Accepted Answer

A)  slows down the fission neutrons (moderator) 
B)  transfers heat from the reactor to the heat exchanger (primary coolant) 
C)  controls chain reaction (control rods) 
D)  transfers heat from the condenser to the environment (cooling tower) 
E)  undergoes fission (fuel rods) 
A)  slows down the fission neutrons (moderator) 
B)  transfers heat from the reactor to the heat exchanger (primary coolant) 
C)  controls chain reaction (control rods) 
D)  transfers heat from the condenser to the environment (cooling tower) 
E)  undergoes fission (fuel rods)

Question 13

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium, 3H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine. Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr. ${ }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{3} \mathrm{He}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{\beta}$

Accepted Answer

A)  0.029 yr 
B)  7.4 yr 
C)  9.1 yr 
D)  16 yr 
E)  35 yr 
A)  0.029 yr 
B)  7.4 yr 
C)  9.1 yr 
D)  16 yr 
E)  35 yr

Question 14

A typical radius of an atomic nucleus is about

Accepted Answer

A)  100 µm 
B)  5000 mm 
C)  100 nm 
D)  5 * 10-3 pm 
E)  500 pm 
A)  100 µm 
B)  5000 mm 
C)  100 nm 
D)  5 * 10-3 pm 
E)  500 pm

Question 15

A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in various isotopes produces a "belt of stability." Isotopes below the belt of stability (i.e., with a smaller neutron-to-proton ratio) decay by beta particle emission.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Complete and balance the nuclear equation ${ }_{12}^{24} \mathrm{Mg}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \rightarrow{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}+$ ________

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ }_{14}^{27} \mathrm{Si}$ 
B)  ${ }_{13}^{27} \mathrm{Al}$ 
C)  ${ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ 
D)  ${ }_{15}^{28} \mathrm{P}$ 
E)  None of the above 
A)  ${ }_{14}^{27} \mathrm{Si}$ 
B)  ${ }_{13}^{27} \mathrm{Al}$ 
C)  ${ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ 
D)  ${ }_{15}^{28} \mathrm{P}$ 
E)  None of the above

Question 17

A rock contains 0.37 mg of Pb-206 and 0.95 mg of U-238. The half-life of the decay series U-238 $\rarr$ Pb-206 is 4.5 * 109 yr. Assuming no Pb-206 was present in the rock initially, how old is the rock

Accepted Answer

A)  1.7 * 109 yr 
B)  5.2 * 109 yr 
C)  2.7 * 106 yr 
D)  4.5 * 109 yr 
E)  2.4 * 109 yr 
A)  1.7 * 109 yr 
B)  5.2 * 109 yr 
C)  2.7 * 106 yr 
D)  4.5 * 109 yr 
E)  2.4 * 109 yr

Question 18

As a result of beta decay, the product nucleus is

Accepted Answer

A)  one atomic number lower than the original element. 
B)  two atomic numbers higher than the original element. 
C)  one atomic number higher than the original element. 
D)  two atomic numbers lower than the original element. 
E)  four atomic numbers lower than the original element. 
A)  one atomic number lower than the original element. 
B)  two atomic numbers higher than the original element. 
C)  one atomic number higher than the original element. 
D)  two atomic numbers lower than the original element. 
E)  four atomic numbers lower than the original element.

Question 19

The Rb-87/Sr-87 method of dating rocks is often used by geologists: ${ }_{37}^{87} \mathrm{Rb} \rightarrow{ }_{38}^{87} \mathrm{Sr}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{\beta}$ t1/2 = 6.0 * 1010 yr.Estimate the age of a rock sample in which the present-day mole ratio of Rb-87 to Sr-87 is 36:1.

Accepted Answer

A)  2.4 * 109 yr 
B)  1.7 * 109 yr 
C)  3.1 * 1011 yr 
D)  4.1 * 10-11 yr 
E)  3.6 * 1011 yr 
A)  2.4 * 109 yr 
B)  1.7 * 109 yr 
C)  3.1 * 1011 yr 
D)  4.1 * 10-11 yr 
E)  3.6 * 1011 yr

Question 20

Decay of tin-110 by electron capture yields

Accepted Answer

A)  tin-109. 
B)  cadmium-106. 
C)  indium-110. 
D)  antimony-110. 
E)  tellurium-114. 
A)  tin-109. 
B)  cadmium-106. 
C)  indium-110. 
D)  antimony-110. 
E)  tellurium-114.

Exam 19: Nuclear Chemistry

The rates of radioactive decay processes, like the rates of chemical reactions, are sensitive to temperature changes.

Consider the following decay series: What type of nuclear process occurs at the transformation labeled II

On a plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons, a nucleus of aluminum-28 lies above the belt of stability. During the radioactive decay of aluminum-28 a beta particle is emitted, what isotope is also formed

Balance the equation 92235U+01n→?+4097Zr+261n.{ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} \rightarrow ?+{ }_{40}^{97} \mathrm{Zr}+2{ }_{6}^{1} \mathrm{n} .92235​U+01​n→?+4097​Zr+261​n.

Balance the equation 01n+4097Zr→?+11H.{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}+{ }_{40}^{97} \mathrm{Zr} \rightarrow ?+{ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H} .01​n+4097​Zr→?+11​H.

Compared to chemical reactions nuclear reactions, in terms of the quantity of energy released, have approximately one thousand times greater energy production for comparable amounts.

The definition of free radicals is molecular fragments having one or more unpaired electrons.

Consider the following decay series: What type of nuclear process occurs at the transformation labeled I

Decay of ruthenium-93 by positron emission yields

Find the nuclear binding energy of potassium-40 (atomic mass = 39.9632591 amu) in units of joules per nucleon. [Data: neutron mass = 1.674928 * 10-24 g; proton mass = 1.672623 * 10-24g; electron mass = 9.109387 * 10-28 g; NA = 6.0221367 * 1023 /mol; c = 2.99792458 * 108 m/s]

What role does cadmium metal (Cd) play in a nuclear reactor

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium, 3H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine. Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr. 13H→23He+−10β{ }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{3} \mathrm{He}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{\beta}13​H→23​He+−10​β

A typical radius of an atomic nucleus is about

A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in various isotopes produces a "belt of stability." Isotopes below the belt of stability (i.e., with a smaller neutron-to-proton ratio) decay by beta particle emission.

Complete and balance the nuclear equation 1224Mg+24He→01n+{ }_{12}^{24} \mathrm{Mg}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \rightarrow{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}+1224​Mg+24​He→01​n+ ________

A rock contains 0.37 mg of Pb-206 and 0.95 mg of U-238. The half-life of the decay series U-238 →\rarr→ Pb-206 is 4.5 * 109 yr. Assuming no Pb-206 was present in the rock initially, how old is the rock

As a result of beta decay, the product nucleus is

Decay of tin-110 by electron capture yields

Chemistry: The Study of Change

Atoms Molecules and Ions

Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Gases

Thermochemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Periodic Relationships Among the Elements

Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

Physical Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Entropy Free Energy and Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Chemistry in the Atmosphere

Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals

Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Transition Metals Chemistry and Coordination Compounds

Organic Chemistry

Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymers

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Balance the equation ${ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} \rightarrow ?+{ }_{40}^{97} \mathrm{Zr}+2{ }_{6}^{1} \mathrm{n} .$

Balance the equation ${ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}+{ }_{40}^{97} \mathrm{Zr} \rightarrow ?+{ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H} .$

Find the nuclear binding energy of potassium-40 (atomic mass = 39.9632591 amu) in units of joules per nucleon. [Data: neutron mass = 1.674928 * 10^-24 g; proton mass = 1.672623 * 10^-24g; electron mass = 9.109387 * 10^-28 g; N_A = 6.0221367 * 10²³ /mol; c = 2.99792458 * 10⁸ m/s]

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium, ³H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine. Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr. ${ }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{3} \mathrm{He}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{\beta}$

Complete and balance the nuclear equation ${ }_{12}^{24} \mathrm{Mg}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \rightarrow{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}+$ ________

A rock contains 0.37 mg of Pb-206 and 0.95 mg of U-238. The half-life of the decay series U-238 $\rarr$ Pb-206 is 4.5 * 10⁹ yr. Assuming no Pb-206 was present in the rock initially, how old is the rock