Question 1

What is the meaning of the word plasticity when used to describe brain damage in infants?

Accepted Answer

A) The infant's brain has the ability to absorb more energy per square centimeter than the adult brain. 
B) The infant's brain is more rigid than the adult brain up to 2 years of age. 
C) The infant's brain is capable of transferring functions from damaged to undamaged regions. 
D) The brain of an infant has the ability to completely replace damaged neurons with new neurons. 
A) The infant's brain has the ability to absorb more energy per square centimeter than the adult brain. 
B) The infant's brain is more rigid than the adult brain up to 2 years of age. 
C) The infant's brain is capable of transferring functions from damaged to undamaged regions. 
D) The brain of an infant has the ability to completely replace damaged neurons with new neurons. C

Question 2

A respiratory therapist arrives at the scene of an accident to assist a victim of a motor vehicle accident.What would the best method to open the airway until a full assessment is completed?

Accepted Answer

A) Jaw thrust 
B) Head tilt 
C) Sniff position 
D) Chin lift 
A) Jaw thrust 
B) Head tilt 
C) Sniff position 
D) Chin lift A

Question 3

Injury to which of the following structures should be suspected in a young child who has a penetrating chest wound located at the 5th intercostal space?

Accepted Answer

A) Diaphragm 
B) Esophagus 
C) Trachea 
D) Vertebrae 
A) Diaphragm 
B) Esophagus 
C) Trachea 
D) Vertebrae A

Question 4

What occurs to the victim during drowning after the victim has been immersed in water to the point of becoming hypercarbic,hypoxemic,and acidemic?

Accepted Answer

A) Laryngospasm stops,and the victim actively inspires water. 
B) The victim begins to vomit. 
C) Laryngospasm continues and the hypercarbia,hypoxemia,and acidemia worsen. 
D) The victim stops breathing,and water flows into the lungs,causing asphyxia. 
A) Laryngospasm stops,and the victim actively inspires water. 
B) The victim begins to vomit. 
C) Laryngospasm continues and the hypercarbia,hypoxemia,and acidemia worsen. 
D) The victim stops breathing,and water flows into the lungs,causing asphyxia.

Question 5

Which of the following conditions should be anticipated in a near-drowning victim brought to the emergency department?
I.Cardiac dysrhythmia
II.Hypoxia
III.Acidosis
IV.Hypothermia

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II and III only 
C) I,II,and III only 
D) II,III,and IV only 
A) I only 
B) II and III only 
C) I,II,and III only 
D) II,III,and IV only

Question 6

What should be always assumed in the case of traumatic injury regardless of the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Head injury 
B) Pulmonary contusion 
C) Cervical spine injury 
D) Leg fracture 
A) Head injury 
B) Pulmonary contusion 
C) Cervical spine injury 
D) Leg fracture

Question 7

When mechanically ventilating a victim of inhalation injury,what tidal volume should the therapist initially recommend?

Accepted Answer

A) Less than 6 mL/kg 
B) 6 to 8 mL/kg 
C) 8 to 10 mL/kg 
D) 10 to 12 mL/kg 
A) Less than 6 mL/kg 
B) 6 to 8 mL/kg 
C) 8 to 10 mL/kg 
D) 10 to 12 mL/kg

Question 8

When a suction catheter is inserted beyond the distal tip of an endotracheal tube,which of the following segmental bronchi is prone to injury?

Accepted Answer

A) The posterior basilar segment of the right lower lobe 
B) The inferior segment of the right middle lobe 
C) The medial basilar segment of the right lower lobe 
D) Either lingular segment of the left upper lobe 
A) The posterior basilar segment of the right lower lobe 
B) The inferior segment of the right middle lobe 
C) The medial basilar segment of the right lower lobe 
D) Either lingular segment of the left upper lobe

Question 9

Intracranial pressure (ICP)monitoring has been initiated for a patient with brain injury.The child's ICP is 10 mm Hg,and mean blood pressure is 80 mm Hg.What is this child's CPP?

Accepted Answer

A) 90 mm Hg 
B) 70 mm Hg 
C) 50 mm Hg 
D) 40 mm Hg 
A) 90 mm Hg 
B) 70 mm Hg 
C) 50 mm Hg 
D) 40 mm Hg

Question 10

What is the normal value for intracranial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 mm Hg 
B) 20 mm Hg 
C) 30 mm Hg 
D) 40 mm Hg 
A) 10 mm Hg 
B) 20 mm Hg 
C) 30 mm Hg 
D) 40 mm Hg

Question 11

Which of the following conditions is considered a late mechanical complication of inhalation injuries?

Accepted Answer

A) Tracheomalacia 
B) Atelectasis 
C) Stridor 
D) Infection 
A) Tracheomalacia 
B) Atelectasis 
C) Stridor 
D) Infection

Question 12

What is the most effective means of rewarming a near-drowning victim whose core temperature in the emergency room is 27° C?

Accepted Answer

A) Radiant warmers 
B) Heated aerosol therapy 
C) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) 
D) Mechanical ventilation with heated humidity 
A) Radiant warmers 
B) Heated aerosol therapy 
C) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) 
D) Mechanical ventilation with heated humidity

Question 13

Which ventilation strategy should the therapist suggest for patients with very large leaks?

Accepted Answer

A) Volume-controlled ventilation 
B) Inverse ratio ventilation 
C) High-frequency ventilation 
D) Airway pressure release ventilation 
A) Volume-controlled ventilation 
B) Inverse ratio ventilation 
C) High-frequency ventilation 
D) Airway pressure release ventilation

Question 14

Which of the following anatomic considerations in children are important to better understand trauma in this age group?
I.Children have less body fat.
II.Children have a small surface area relative to volume.
III.Children's skeletons are more pliable.
IV.Children have a greater distribution of force per unit body area of smaller body mass.

Accepted Answer

A) I and III only 
B) II and IV only 
C) I,II,and III only 
D) I,III,and IV only 
A) I and III only 
B) II and IV only 
C) I,II,and III only 
D) I,III,and IV only

Question 15

Which of the following signs indicate injury of a major thoracic vessel?

Accepted Answer

A) Evacuation of 200 mL of blood from the pleural space after placing the chest tube 
B) Continuous bleeding through the chest tube 
C) Presence of pneumothorax 
D) Presence of respiratory distress 
A) Evacuation of 200 mL of blood from the pleural space after placing the chest tube 
B) Continuous bleeding through the chest tube 
C) Presence of pneumothorax 
D) Presence of respiratory distress

Question 16

Which of the following conditions often results as a complication among survivors of submersion injury?

Accepted Answer

A) Pneumonia 
B) Acute respiratory distress syndrome 
C) Empyema 
D) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 
A) Pneumonia 
B) Acute respiratory distress syndrome 
C) Empyema 
D) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 17

What is the mechanism of action of the osmotic diuretic mannitol in the setting of increased ICP?

Accepted Answer

A) Mannitol crosses the blood-brain barrier and removes water from the cerebral vascular spaces. 
B) Mannitol increases the permeability of the loop of Henle,causing water to leave the nephrons. 
C) Mannitol enters the ventricles of the brain,causing fluid to leave the choroid plexus and enter the circulation for delivery to the kidneys. 
D) Mannitol remains in the plasma,creating an osmotic gradient that draws water from the brain into the cerebral capillaries. 
A) Mannitol crosses the blood-brain barrier and removes water from the cerebral vascular spaces. 
B) Mannitol increases the permeability of the loop of Henle,causing water to leave the nephrons. 
C) Mannitol enters the ventricles of the brain,causing fluid to leave the choroid plexus and enter the circulation for delivery to the kidneys. 
D) Mannitol remains in the plasma,creating an osmotic gradient that draws water from the brain into the cerebral capillaries.

Question 18

What type of ventilation strategy is often employed when a patient with a penetrating chest wall injury has a massive air leak while receiving mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) Sedation and paralysis along with patient-triggered,volume-controlled ventilation 
B) Sedation and paralysis along with inverse ratio ventilation 
C) Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 
D) Ventilation to achieve reduced mean airway pressures 
A) Sedation and paralysis along with patient-triggered,volume-controlled ventilation 
B) Sedation and paralysis along with inverse ratio ventilation 
C) Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 
D) Ventilation to achieve reduced mean airway pressures

Question 19

A 3-month-old baby suspected of having a life-threatening encephalopathy is being transported from a rural area.Which of the following signs may assist in the confirmation of intracranial hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) Diplopia 
B) Bulging fontanels 
C) Seizures 
D) Miosis 
A) Diplopia 
B) Bulging fontanels 
C) Seizures 
D) Miosis

Question 20

When should endotracheal intubation be performed on a smoke inhalation victim?

Accepted Answer

A) As soon as possible 
B) Only if the patient demonstrates inspiratory and expiratory stridor 
C) When the airway appears to be narrowing as determined by bronchoscopy 
D) When the signs and symptoms of respiratory failure are present 
A) As soon as possible 
B) Only if the patient demonstrates inspiratory and expiratory stridor 
C) When the airway appears to be narrowing as determined by bronchoscopy 
D) When the signs and symptoms of respiratory failure are present

Exam 31: Pediatric Trauma

What is the meaning of the word plasticity when used to describe brain damage in infants?

A respiratory therapist arrives at the scene of an accident to assist a victim of a motor vehicle accident.What would the best method to open the airway until a full assessment is completed?

Injury to which of the following structures should be suspected in a young child who has a penetrating chest wound located at the 5th intercostal space?

What occurs to the victim during drowning after the victim has been immersed in water to the point of becoming hypercarbic,hypoxemic,and acidemic?

Which of the following conditions should be anticipated in a near-drowning victim brought to the emergency department? I.Cardiac dysrhythmia II.Hypoxia III.Acidosis IV.Hypothermia

What should be always assumed in the case of traumatic injury regardless of the mechanism?

When mechanically ventilating a victim of inhalation injury,what tidal volume should the therapist initially recommend?

When a suction catheter is inserted beyond the distal tip of an endotracheal tube,which of the following segmental bronchi is prone to injury?

Intracranial pressure (ICP)monitoring has been initiated for a patient with brain injury.The child's ICP is 10 mm Hg,and mean blood pressure is 80 mm Hg.What is this child's CPP?

What is the normal value for intracranial pressure?

Which of the following conditions is considered a late mechanical complication of inhalation injuries?

What is the most effective means of rewarming a near-drowning victim whose core temperature in the emergency room is 27° C?

Which ventilation strategy should the therapist suggest for patients with very large leaks?

Which of the following signs indicate injury of a major thoracic vessel?

Which of the following conditions often results as a complication among survivors of submersion injury?

What is the mechanism of action of the osmotic diuretic mannitol in the setting of increased ICP?

What type of ventilation strategy is often employed when a patient with a penetrating chest wall injury has a massive air leak while receiving mechanical ventilation?

A 3-month-old baby suspected of having a life-threatening encephalopathy is being transported from a rural area.Which of the following signs may assist in the confirmation of intracranial hypertension?

When should endotracheal intubation be performed on a smoke inhalation victim?

Fetal Lung Development

Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation

Antenatal Assessment and High Risk Delivery

Exam and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient

Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics

Radiographic Assessment

Bronchoscopy

Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Monitoring

Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care

Oxygen Administration

Aerosols and Administration of Medication

Airway Clearance Techniques and Lung Volume Expansion

Airway Management

Surfactant Replacement

Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate

Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Child

Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient

Administration of Gas Mixtures

Extracorporeal Life Support

Pharmacology

Thoracic Organ Transplantation

Neonatal Complications and Pulmonary Disorders

Congenital and Surgical Disorders That Affect Respiratory Care

Congenital Cardiac Defects

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Sleep Disorders

Pediatric Airway Disorders and Pulmonary Infections

Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Shock, Sepsis and Anaphylaxis

Disorders of the Pleura

Neurologic and Neuromuscular Disorders

Transport of Infants and Children

Home Care

Quality and Safety

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