Exam 15: Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate

When nasal cannulas are used in infants at high flows,which factors determine the amount of pressure to the airways? I.Flow rate II.Size of the leak around the cannula III.Degree of the mouth opening IV.FiO₂

How is the positive pressure level established in a bubble CPAP system?

Which of the following features are often components of CPAP systems incorporated within infant ventilators? I.Highly responsive demand flow systems II.Apnea backup breaths III.FiO₂ compensation mechanisms IV.Leak compensation capabilities

Which of the following anatomic structures should be closely evaluated when using nasal masks in the administration of IF-CPAP?

After initiating B-CPAP in an infant at 6 cm H₂O,the therapist notices that,although "bubbling" is present,the pressure in the manometer fluctuates between 2 and 5 cm H₂O.What may have caused this situation?

Which of the following therapeutic interventions would be appropriate for a neonate with a respiratory rate of 65 breaths/minute while displaying paradoxical chest wall movement with suprasternal and substernal retractions,grunting,nasal flaring,and cyanosis,along with the following blood gas data: pH 7.30;arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂),50 mm Hg;arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂),60 mm Hg?

In order to rinse the system of exhaled CO₂ and meet the inspiratory flow rate requirements of infants placed on B-CPAP,the flow rate of humidified gas should be set at:

Which of the following outcomes are advantages of CPAP over mechanical ventilation in infants? I.Lower risk of sepsis II.Lower incidence of lung injury III.Fewer cases of chronic lung disease IV.Lower incidence of renal failure

Which form of CPAP has been associated with a "thoracic wiggle"?

Where in the CPAP delivery system should the pressure-relief/pop-off valve be placed to detect circuit occlusion?

After increasing the level of CPAP delivered to an infant,the therapist notices that the neonate's PaCO₂ rises and the PaO₂ falls.What may have caused this situation?

Which of the following complications of CPAP can develop when an infant experiences inadvertent positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)from gas trapping resulting from tachypnea?

What is considered the most effective interface option for delivering CPAP to infants?

Which of the following conditions are contraindications for nasal CPAP? I.Pneumonia II.Tracheoesophageal fistula III.Choanal atresia IV.Atelectasis

How should a therapist determine the size of the nasal prongs to effectively administer CPAP to infants?

Which of the following CPAP systems delivers a more consistent pressure,lowers work of breathing (WOB),is less sensitive to leaks,and is more effective at alveolar recruitment compared with other forms of CPAP?

After initiating IF-CPAP in an infant at 8 cm H₂O,the therapist notices a low-pressure alarm.What should be done to correct this situation?

A bubble CPAP has been set up on an infant at 12 L/min and the water column is reading 4 cm H₂O.A chest X-ray reveals mild lung overdistention.What is the most feasible explanation for this finding?

A preterm infant in respiratory distress is a candidate for CPAP.To minimize the work of breathing,which device should be used?