Question 1

Which of the following risk factors are associated with SIDS?
I.Maternal cigarette smoking
II.Breastfeeding
III.Loose bedding
IV.Bed sharing

Accepted Answer

A) I and III only 
B) I,II,and III only 
C) I,II,and IV only 
D) I,III,and IV only 
A) I and III only 
B) I,II,and III only 
C) I,II,and IV only 
D) I,III,and IV only D

Question 2

The mother of an 11-month-old infant suspected of suffering from sleep-disordered breathing reports that her child sleeps 15 hours per day.What should the therapist tell her regarding the sleep duration of her infant?

Accepted Answer

A) The sleep duration is consistent with the infant's age. 
B) The sleep duration is consistent with an infant in the first 24 hours of life. 
C) The sleep duration is consistent with a that of a 10-year-old child. 
D) The sleep duration is consistent with a midadolescent child. 
A) The sleep duration is consistent with the infant's age. 
B) The sleep duration is consistent with an infant in the first 24 hours of life. 
C) The sleep duration is consistent with a that of a 10-year-old child. 
D) The sleep duration is consistent with a midadolescent child. A

Question 3

Which of the following are typical daytime symptoms associated with SDB in children?
I.Poor school performance
II.Hypoactivity
III.Inattention
IV.Passive behavior

Accepted Answer

A) I and III only 
B) II and IV only 
C) I,II,and IV only 
D) I,II,III,and IV 
A) I and III only 
B) II and IV only 
C) I,II,and IV only 
D) I,II,III,and IV A

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes central sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A) Absence of respiratory effort and airflow 
B) Only abdominal movements occur with no airflow. 
C) Only thoracic movements occur. 
D) Paradoxical breathing movements occur. 
A) Absence of respiratory effort and airflow 
B) Only abdominal movements occur with no airflow. 
C) Only thoracic movements occur. 
D) Paradoxical breathing movements occur.

Question 5

The childhood syndrome of OSA is distinct from adult OSA.Which of the following features are common in adult OSA but infrequent or less common in pediatric OSA?

Accepted Answer

A) Large neck circumference 
B) Snoring 
C) Excessive daytime sleepiness 
D) REM abnormality 
A) Large neck circumference 
B) Snoring 
C) Excessive daytime sleepiness 
D) REM abnormality

Question 6

Which of the following are typical features of the obstructive hypoventilation syndrome?
I.Disruption of sleep architecture
II.Degradation of sleep quality
III.Abnormal gas exchange
IV.Significant daytime symptoms

Accepted Answer

A) I and III only 
B) II and IV only 
C) I,II,and IV only 
D) I,II,III,and IV 
A) I and III only 
B) II and IV only 
C) I,II,and IV only 
D) I,II,III,and IV

Question 7

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics,in addition to cessation of breathing,which of the following clinical signs is associated with central sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A) Tachycardia 
B) Cyanosis 
C) Hypertension 
D) Hypertonia 
A) Tachycardia 
B) Cyanosis 
C) Hypertension 
D) Hypertonia

Question 8

Which of the following conditions is the major cause of OSA in children without any predisposing factor?

Accepted Answer

A) Choanal atresia 
B) Macroglossia 
C) Adenotonsillar hypertrophy 
D) Pierre Robin Syndrome 
A) Choanal atresia 
B) Macroglossia 
C) Adenotonsillar hypertrophy 
D) Pierre Robin Syndrome

Question 9

While working with a preterm neonate,the therapist notices the infant become apneic,cyanotic,and hypotonic.Consequently,the therapist nudges and stimulates the infant.On the basis of this scenario,what type of episode has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A) Sudden infant death syndrome 
B) An apparent life-threatening event 
C) A resuscitative event 
D) An epileptiform activity 
A) Sudden infant death syndrome 
B) An apparent life-threatening event 
C) A resuscitative event 
D) An epileptiform activity

Question 10

What is the leading cause of death in infants?

Accepted Answer

A) Congenital malformations (e.g. ,heart defects) 
B) CSA 
C) SIDS 
D) ALTE 
A) Congenital malformations (e.g. ,heart defects) 
B) CSA 
C) SIDS 
D) ALTE

Question 11

Which age group is more often affected by periodic breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) Newborns 
B) Infants 
C) Children 
D) Adults 
A) Newborns 
B) Infants 
C) Children 
D) Adults

Question 12

A 7-year-old child was diagnosed with OSA due to tonsillar hypertrophy.Although adenotonsillectomy was performed,the child continues having daytime sleepiness and poor school performance.What should the therapist suggest at this time?

Accepted Answer

A) Consider uvulectomy. 
B) Administer antireflux medications. 
C) Perform allergy tests to confirm that airway obstruction is due to other clinical condition. 
D) Provide continuous positive airway pressure. 
A) Consider uvulectomy. 
B) Administer antireflux medications. 
C) Perform allergy tests to confirm that airway obstruction is due to other clinical condition. 
D) Provide continuous positive airway pressure.

Question 13

A 28-week-gestation newborn is demonstrating periods of apnea.In addition to ventilatory support,what other treatment can the therapist suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) Placement of an oropharyngeal airway 
B) Caffeine 
C) Theophylline 
D) Beta blockers 
A) Placement of an oropharyngeal airway 
B) Caffeine 
C) Theophylline 
D) Beta blockers

Question 14

Which of the following body systems is the most important to evaluate when considering differential diagnoses for ALTE?

Accepted Answer

A) Gastrointestinal 
B) Neurologic 
C) Respiratory 
D) Cardiac 
A) Gastrointestinal 
B) Neurologic 
C) Respiratory 
D) Cardiac

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes the condition sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Accepted Answer

A) More than 70% of victims are found in the late evening hours after the afternoon naps. 
B) Infants are most likely to experience SIDS in the first 12 to 24 months of life. 
C) SIDS is uncommon after infants are 6 months old. 
D) SIDS occurs exclusively when the infant is presumed to have been asleep during the night. 
A) More than 70% of victims are found in the late evening hours after the afternoon naps. 
B) Infants are most likely to experience SIDS in the first 12 to 24 months of life. 
C) SIDS is uncommon after infants are 6 months old. 
D) SIDS occurs exclusively when the infant is presumed to have been asleep during the night.

Question 16

What is the age group with the highest prevalence of OSA?

Accepted Answer

A) First 6 months 
B) 6 months to 1 year 
C) 1 to 2 years 
D) 2 years to 8 years 
A) First 6 months 
B) 6 months to 1 year 
C) 1 to 2 years 
D) 2 years to 8 years

Exam 25: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Sleep Disorders

Which of the following risk factors are associated with SIDS? I.Maternal cigarette smoking II.Breastfeeding III.Loose bedding IV.Bed sharing

The mother of an 11-month-old infant suspected of suffering from sleep-disordered breathing reports that her child sleeps 15 hours per day.What should the therapist tell her regarding the sleep duration of her infant?

Which of the following are typical daytime symptoms associated with SDB in children? I.Poor school performance II.Hypoactivity III.Inattention IV.Passive behavior

Which of the following statements best describes central sleep apnea?

The childhood syndrome of OSA is distinct from adult OSA.Which of the following features are common in adult OSA but infrequent or less common in pediatric OSA?

Which of the following are typical features of the obstructive hypoventilation syndrome? I.Disruption of sleep architecture II.Degradation of sleep quality III.Abnormal gas exchange IV.Significant daytime symptoms

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics,in addition to cessation of breathing,which of the following clinical signs is associated with central sleep apnea?

Which of the following conditions is the major cause of OSA in children without any predisposing factor?

While working with a preterm neonate,the therapist notices the infant become apneic,cyanotic,and hypotonic.Consequently,the therapist nudges and stimulates the infant.On the basis of this scenario,what type of episode has occurred?

What is the leading cause of death in infants?

Which age group is more often affected by periodic breathing?

A 7-year-old child was diagnosed with OSA due to tonsillar hypertrophy.Although adenotonsillectomy was performed,the child continues having daytime sleepiness and poor school performance.What should the therapist suggest at this time?

A 28-week-gestation newborn is demonstrating periods of apnea.In addition to ventilatory support,what other treatment can the therapist suggest?

Which of the following body systems is the most important to evaluate when considering differential diagnoses for ALTE?

Which of the following statements best describes the condition sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

What is the age group with the highest prevalence of OSA?

Fetal Lung Development

Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation

Antenatal Assessment and High Risk Delivery

Exam and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient

Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics

Radiographic Assessment

Bronchoscopy

Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Monitoring

Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care

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Airway Clearance Techniques and Lung Volume Expansion

Airway Management

Surfactant Replacement

Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate

Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Child

Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient

Administration of Gas Mixtures

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Neonatal Complications and Pulmonary Disorders

Congenital and Surgical Disorders That Affect Respiratory Care

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Pediatric Airway Disorders and Pulmonary Infections

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