Question 1

Which of the following interventions is used to treat macroglossia?

Accepted Answer

A) Positioning the patient appropriately corrects most cases. 
B) Most cases are corrected surgically. 
C) Polysomnography to determine any effect on sleep is all that is required. 
D) Treatment is based on the severity of airway obstruction and etiology. 
A) Positioning the patient appropriately corrects most cases. 
B) Most cases are corrected surgically. 
C) Polysomnography to determine any effect on sleep is all that is required. 
D) Treatment is based on the severity of airway obstruction and etiology. D

Question 2

Which of the following forms of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia is most common?

Accepted Answer

A) Blind-ending upper esophageal pouch of variable length associated with a fistula from the lower trachea or main stem bronchi leading into the distal esophagus 
B) An isolated esophageal atresia with a proximal blind-ending pouch and a "long gap" of missing esophagus above a small distal esophageal pouch 
C) An esophageal atresia with a proximal and distal tracheoesophageal fistula 
D) An isolated tracheoesophageal fistula presenting without atresia and usually occurring in the lower cervical or upper thoracic area 
A) Blind-ending upper esophageal pouch of variable length associated with a fistula from the lower trachea or main stem bronchi leading into the distal esophagus 
B) An isolated esophageal atresia with a proximal blind-ending pouch and a "long gap" of missing esophagus above a small distal esophageal pouch 
C) An esophageal atresia with a proximal and distal tracheoesophageal fistula 
D) An isolated tracheoesophageal fistula presenting without atresia and usually occurring in the lower cervical or upper thoracic area A

Question 3

Which of the following conditions is consistent with the presence of a scaphoid abdomen in a newborn with tachypnea?

Accepted Answer

A) Neonatal pneumonia 
B) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 
C) Tracheoesophageal fistula 
D) Esophageal atresia 
A) Neonatal pneumonia 
B) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 
C) Tracheoesophageal fistula 
D) Esophageal atresia B

Question 4

Which of the following clinical manifestations characterize congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
I.The herniated contents cause compression of the developing ipsilateral lung.
II.The ipsilateral side may be compressed from shifting of the mediastinum.
III.Histologic studies demonstrate increased musculature in the media of the arterioles.
IV.Lung tissue is hypoplastic,including the pulmonary vasculature,even on the contralateral side.

Accepted Answer

A) I and III only 
B) II and III only 
C) III and IV only 
D) I,III,and IV only 
A) I and III only 
B) II and III only 
C) III and IV only 
D) I,III,and IV only

Question 5

Which of the following patterns are commonly found in the presentation of lung bud anomalies?
I.Appear early in the newborn period
II.Emerge later in childhood
III.Frequent respiratory infections
IV.Systemic hypertension

Accepted Answer

A) I and III only 
B) II and III only 
C) II and IV only 
D) I,II,and III only 
A) I and III only 
B) II and III only 
C) II and IV only 
D) I,II,and III only

Question 6

What are some of the complications associated with performing esophageal anastomoses to repair esophageal atresia that the therapist needs to be aware of?
I.Apnea
II.Bradycardia
III.Hyperventilation
IV.Recurrent pneumonia

Accepted Answer

A) I and II only 
B) III and IV only 
C) I,II,and III only 
D) I,II,and IV only 
A) I and II only 
B) III and IV only 
C) I,II,and III only 
D) I,II,and IV only

Question 7

A newborn is brought to the emergency room for difficulty breathing.The mother of the baby reports constant drooling,coughing,and episodes of cyanosis.What should the therapist suspect this condition is?

Accepted Answer

A) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 
B) Tracheoesophageal fistula 
C) Esophageal atresia 
D) Pyloric dilation 
A) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 
B) Tracheoesophageal fistula 
C) Esophageal atresia 
D) Pyloric dilation

Question 8

Why is pulmonary development often stifled in children who have asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy?

Accepted Answer

A) Because of gas exchange problems 
B) Because the chest cavity is decreased 
C) Because the thorax is too compliant 
D) Because of a hypoplastic right ventricle 
A) Because of gas exchange problems 
B) Because the chest cavity is decreased 
C) Because the thorax is too compliant 
D) Because of a hypoplastic right ventricle

Question 9

A newborn presents with respiratory distress and has a chest radiograph that reveals a circular or ovoid mass with smooth edges.Which of the following lung bud anomalies is consistent with these clinical features?

Accepted Answer

A) Bronchogenic cysts 
B) Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations 
C) Pulmonary sequestration 
D) Congenital lobar emphysema 
A) Bronchogenic cysts 
B) Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations 
C) Pulmonary sequestration 
D) Congenital lobar emphysema

Question 10

An infant presents with abdominal distension,intolerance to feeding,rectal bleeding,and abdominal wall erythema.Laboratory findings include thrombocytopenia,neutropenia,and metabolic acidosis.An abdominal radiograph reveals distended loops and pneumatosis intestinalis.Which of the following conditions is consistent with these findings?

Accepted Answer

A) Necrotizing enterocolitis 
B) Gastroschisis 
C) Omphalocele 
D) Umbilical coelom 
A) Necrotizing enterocolitis 
B) Gastroschisis 
C) Omphalocele 
D) Umbilical coelom

Question 11

What should a respiratory therapist do to confirm a diagnosis of choanal atresia?

Accepted Answer

A) Recommend lateral mandibular radiographs 
B) Inspect the nasal cavities with a rhinoscope 
C) Attempt to insert an 8 French suction catheter through each nasal cavity 
D) Gently pinch the infant's nose closed until oral breathing occurs 
A) Recommend lateral mandibular radiographs 
B) Inspect the nasal cavities with a rhinoscope 
C) Attempt to insert an 8 French suction catheter through each nasal cavity 
D) Gently pinch the infant's nose closed until oral breathing occurs

Question 12

After surgical repair of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia,what is the potential problem generated by the rapid shift of the contralateral lung and mediastinum?

Accepted Answer

A) Inducing a pneumothorax 
B) Causing pulmonary edema 
C) Rupturing vascular structures 
D) Tearing the sutured diaphragm on the ipsilateral side 
A) Inducing a pneumothorax 
B) Causing pulmonary edema 
C) Rupturing vascular structures 
D) Tearing the sutured diaphragm on the ipsilateral side

Question 13

What is the most common patient complaint associated with pectus carinatum?

Accepted Answer

A) Cough 
B) Dyspnea at rest 
C) Cosmetic 
D) Cardiac palpitations 
A) Cough 
B) Dyspnea at rest 
C) Cosmetic 
D) Cardiac palpitations

Question 14

What is a possible consequence of inadvertent rupture of the systemic arterial supply in cases of pulmonary sequestration when this supply arises directly from the aorta?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypoxemia 
B) Pulmonary hypoperfusion 
C) Significant blood loss or exsanguination 
D) Decreased anatomic shunt 
A) Hypoxemia 
B) Pulmonary hypoperfusion 
C) Significant blood loss or exsanguination 
D) Decreased anatomic shunt

Question 15

Which of the following interventions are used to treat congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
I.High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
II.Gastrointestinal tract decompression
III.Bag-mask ventilation immediately after birth
IV.Thoracostomy tube insertion if necessary

Accepted Answer

A) I and III only 
B) II and IV only 
C) I,II,and IV only 
D) II,III,and IV only 
A) I and III only 
B) II and IV only 
C) I,II,and IV only 
D) II,III,and IV only

Question 16

What is the role of radiography in the determination of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia?

Accepted Answer

A) The esophageal pouch can be observed. 
B) The opening into the airway can be located. 
C) The presence of left-to-right shunt can be seen. 
D) The location of the nasogastric tube may confirm obstruction of the proximal esophagus caused by atresia. 
A) The esophageal pouch can be observed. 
B) The opening into the airway can be located. 
C) The presence of left-to-right shunt can be seen. 
D) The location of the nasogastric tube may confirm obstruction of the proximal esophagus caused by atresia.

Question 17

Which of the following acronyms is associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula?

Accepted Answer

A) VACTERL 
B) PROM 
C) CHARGE 
D) PPHN 
A) VACTERL 
B) PROM 
C) CHARGE 
D) PPHN

Question 18

What intervention should the therapist perform when an infant is born with choanal atresia?

Accepted Answer

A) Perform nasotracheal intubation 
B) Recommend a tracheotomy procedure 
C) Insert an oropharyngeal airway 
D) Perform a cricothyroidotomy 
A) Perform nasotracheal intubation 
B) Recommend a tracheotomy procedure 
C) Insert an oropharyngeal airway 
D) Perform a cricothyroidotomy

Question 19

Which of the following conditions is the best explanation for the presentation of symptoms beyond infancy in patients with bronchogenic cysts or congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations?

Accepted Answer

A) Compromised immune system 
B) Administration of antibiotics against resistant strains 
C) Noncompliance with prescribed medications and bronchial hygiene techniques 
D) Lack of communication between cysts and the tracheobronchial tree 
A) Compromised immune system 
B) Administration of antibiotics against resistant strains 
C) Noncompliance with prescribed medications and bronchial hygiene techniques 
D) Lack of communication between cysts and the tracheobronchial tree

Question 20

Which of the following conditions is consistent with micrognathia,glossoptosis,and cleft palate in a newborn?

Accepted Answer

A) Pierre Robin syndrome 
B) Choanal atresia 
C) Treacher Collins syndrome 
D) Esophageal atresia 
A) Pierre Robin syndrome 
B) Choanal atresia 
C) Treacher Collins syndrome 
D) Esophageal atresia

Exam 23: Congenital and Surgical Disorders That Affect Respiratory Care

Which of the following interventions is used to treat macroglossia?

Which of the following forms of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia is most common?

Which of the following conditions is consistent with the presence of a scaphoid abdomen in a newborn with tachypnea?

Which of the following patterns are commonly found in the presentation of lung bud anomalies? I.Appear early in the newborn period II.Emerge later in childhood III.Frequent respiratory infections IV.Systemic hypertension

What are some of the complications associated with performing esophageal anastomoses to repair esophageal atresia that the therapist needs to be aware of? I.Apnea II.Bradycardia III.Hyperventilation IV.Recurrent pneumonia

A newborn is brought to the emergency room for difficulty breathing.The mother of the baby reports constant drooling,coughing,and episodes of cyanosis.What should the therapist suspect this condition is?

Why is pulmonary development often stifled in children who have asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy?

A newborn presents with respiratory distress and has a chest radiograph that reveals a circular or ovoid mass with smooth edges.Which of the following lung bud anomalies is consistent with these clinical features?

What should a respiratory therapist do to confirm a diagnosis of choanal atresia?

After surgical repair of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia,what is the potential problem generated by the rapid shift of the contralateral lung and mediastinum?

What is the most common patient complaint associated with pectus carinatum?

What is a possible consequence of inadvertent rupture of the systemic arterial supply in cases of pulmonary sequestration when this supply arises directly from the aorta?

Which of the following interventions are used to treat congenital diaphragmatic hernia? I.High-frequency oscillatory ventilation II.Gastrointestinal tract decompression III.Bag-mask ventilation immediately after birth IV.Thoracostomy tube insertion if necessary

What is the role of radiography in the determination of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia?

Which of the following acronyms is associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula?

What intervention should the therapist perform when an infant is born with choanal atresia?

Which of the following conditions is the best explanation for the presentation of symptoms beyond infancy in patients with bronchogenic cysts or congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations?

Which of the following conditions is consistent with micrognathia,glossoptosis,and cleft palate in a newborn?

Fetal Lung Development

Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation

Antenatal Assessment and High Risk Delivery

Exam and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient

Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics

Radiographic Assessment

Bronchoscopy

Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Monitoring

Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care

Oxygen Administration

Aerosols and Administration of Medication

Airway Clearance Techniques and Lung Volume Expansion

Airway Management

Surfactant Replacement

Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate

Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Child

Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient

Administration of Gas Mixtures

Extracorporeal Life Support

Pharmacology

Thoracic Organ Transplantation

Neonatal Complications and Pulmonary Disorders

Congenital Cardiac Defects

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Sleep Disorders

Pediatric Airway Disorders and Pulmonary Infections

Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Shock, Sepsis and Anaphylaxis

Pediatric Trauma

Disorders of the Pleura

Neurologic and Neuromuscular Disorders

Transport of Infants and Children

Home Care

Quality and Safety

Filters