Question 1

Bending your elbow involves

Accepted Answer

A) smooth muscle contraction. 
B) the use of voluntary muscles. 
C) the use of involuntary muscles. 
D) the lengthening of sarcomeres beyond their resting length. 
A) smooth muscle contraction. 
B) the use of voluntary muscles. 
C) the use of involuntary muscles. 
D) the lengthening of sarcomeres beyond their resting length.

Question 2

Which of the following statements best explains why starch molecules must be broken down before they can be absorbed by the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A) They are toxic to the cells of the small intestine. 
B) They are too large to pass through the plasma membrane of the intestinal cells. 
C) They must be broken down in order to extract the essential amino acids they contain. 
D) The cells of the small intestine are much too small to contain them. 
A) They are toxic to the cells of the small intestine. 
B) They are too large to pass through the plasma membrane of the intestinal cells. 
C) They must be broken down in order to extract the essential amino acids they contain. 
D) The cells of the small intestine are much too small to contain them.

Question 3

The advantage of chewing food is that this process

Accepted Answer

A) provides mechanical digestion and increases the surface area of the food for further digestion. 
B) makes food immediately ready for nutrient absorption in the stomach. 
C) increases the amount of vitamins in the food. 
D) decreases the surface area of the food to speed digestion. 
A) provides mechanical digestion and increases the surface area of the food for further digestion. 
B) makes food immediately ready for nutrient absorption in the stomach. 
C) increases the amount of vitamins in the food. 
D) decreases the surface area of the food to speed digestion.

Question 4

The power that moves food along your esophagus comes from

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscle. 
B) smooth muscle. 
C) cardiac muscle. 
D) voluntary muscle. 
A) skeletal muscle. 
B) smooth muscle. 
C) cardiac muscle. 
D) voluntary muscle.

Question 5

The human liver produces bile, a substance that

Accepted Answer

A) aids in the absorption of vitamin C. 
B) allows fats to dissolve more easily in the watery contents of the gut. 
C) neutralizes the acids that are produced by pepsin. 
D) breaks the bonds between amino acids. 
A) aids in the absorption of vitamin C. 
B) allows fats to dissolve more easily in the watery contents of the gut. 
C) neutralizes the acids that are produced by pepsin. 
D) breaks the bonds between amino acids.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiac muscle is like skeletal muscle, because skeletal muscle has involuntary contractions. 
B) Cardiac muscle is like smooth muscle, because smooth muscle has a banded appearance. 
C) Cardiac muscle contains bands like skeletal muscle, but its contractions are involuntary like smooth muscle. 
D) Cardiac muscle is like smooth muscle, because it contains no bands. 
A) Cardiac muscle is like skeletal muscle, because skeletal muscle has involuntary contractions. 
B) Cardiac muscle is like smooth muscle, because smooth muscle has a banded appearance. 
C) Cardiac muscle contains bands like skeletal muscle, but its contractions are involuntary like smooth muscle. 
D) Cardiac muscle is like smooth muscle, because it contains no bands.

Question 7

The ________ is the digestive organ that contracts to mix food particles with acid and enzymes, and also holds food until it can pass farther along for continued digestion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is the digestive organ that...

Question 8

The structure that is highlighted in this illustration of a knee joint is a

Accepted Answer

A) bone. 
B) ligament. 
C) tendon. 
D) synovial sac. 
A) bone. 
B) ligament. 
C) tendon. 
D) synovial sac.

Question 9

If you were a bird about to embark on a long migratory journey, which of the following nutrients would you want to have stored in large quantities?

Accepted Answer

A) sugars 
B) proteins 
C) vitamins 
D) fats 
A) sugars 
B) proteins 
C) vitamins 
D) fats

Question 10

One of the most common knee injuries is the tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). How would an injury like this affect the function of the knee?

Accepted Answer

A) Ligaments attach muscle to bone, so tearing of the ligament would mean that the knee muscles would no longer be able to cause the joint to bend. 
B) Ligaments lubricate the cartilage in a joint, and tearing the ligament would let the lubricant leak out. This would cause bones in the knee to grind against each other, making it painful to bend the knee. 
C) Ligaments hold the bones of the knee in the proper orientation. Tearing the ligament could disrupt the alignment of the knee, making the knee difficult to bend. 
D) Ligaments are the muscles that surround a joint. Muscle tears can be painful, but they heal quickly and they usually do not affect knee function. 
A) Ligaments attach muscle to bone, so tearing of the ligament would mean that the knee muscles would no longer be able to cause the joint to bend. 
B) Ligaments lubricate the cartilage in a joint, and tearing the ligament would let the lubricant leak out. This would cause bones in the knee to grind against each other, making it painful to bend the knee. 
C) Ligaments hold the bones of the knee in the proper orientation. Tearing the ligament could disrupt the alignment of the knee, making the knee difficult to bend. 
D) Ligaments are the muscles that surround a joint. Muscle tears can be painful, but they heal quickly and they usually do not affect knee function.

Question 11

A college student tracks his diet for several weeks as part of a nutrition project. During the tracking period, he realizes that his diet is rich in yellow and orange fruits and vegetables, citrus fruits, nuts, and fish, but that he tends to avoid most leafy green vegetables. Which of the following vitamins is most likely deficient in his diet?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin B12 
B) vitamin K 
C) vitamin A 
D) vitamin C 
A) vitamin B12 
B) vitamin K 
C) vitamin A 
D) vitamin C

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the muscle shown in this figure is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It is under our conscious control. 
B) It lacks myofibrils. 
C) It lacks nuclei. 
D) It is an involuntary muscle. 
A) It is under our conscious control. 
B) It lacks myofibrils. 
C) It lacks nuclei. 
D) It is an involuntary muscle.

Question 13

Carbohydrates and fats are both

Accepted Answer

A) digested and absorbed in the human stomach. 
B) sources of amino acids. 
C) used as energy sources. 
D) indigestible unless they are consumed together. 
A) digested and absorbed in the human stomach. 
B) sources of amino acids. 
C) used as energy sources. 
D) indigestible unless they are consumed together.

Question 14

Which of the following would NOT be found in the lower small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A) microvilli 
B) villi 
C) a large surface area 
D) a smooth surface 
A) microvilli 
B) villi 
C) a large surface area 
D) a smooth surface

Question 15

Food passing through our digestive tract would contain the fewest nutrients when it reaches which of the following organs?

Accepted Answer

A) the small intestine 
B) the stomach 
C) the large intestine 
D) the esophagus 
A) the small intestine 
B) the stomach 
C) the large intestine 
D) the esophagus

Question 16

Which of the following statements about what happens during a muscle contraction is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Actin and myosin filaments both shorten in length. 
B) Actin filaments shorten in length when myosin filaments bind to actin. 
C) Myosin filaments become attached to the Z disks in a sarcomere. 
D) Myosin filaments slide along actin filaments. 
A) Actin and myosin filaments both shorten in length. 
B) Actin filaments shorten in length when myosin filaments bind to actin. 
C) Myosin filaments become attached to the Z disks in a sarcomere. 
D) Myosin filaments slide along actin filaments.

Question 17

The function of the esophagus is to

Accepted Answer

A) break down food physically. 
B) break down food chemically. 
C) carry food to the stomach. 
D) prepare undigested material and waste for disposal. 
A) break down food physically. 
B) break down food chemically. 
C) carry food to the stomach. 
D) prepare undigested material and waste for disposal.

Question 18

The most likely potential problem faced by a person who is following a low-protein diet is the failure to

Accepted Answer

A) take in the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen required for life. 
B) take in enough essential amino acids. 
C) take in enough calories to survive. 
D) produce vitamins and minerals required by living organisms. 
A) take in the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen required for life. 
B) take in enough essential amino acids. 
C) take in enough calories to survive. 
D) produce vitamins and minerals required by living organisms.

Question 19

Babies may receive an injection of vitamin K at birth. Which of the following is the most likely reason why an injection of vitamin K would be given?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin K is required for calcium absorption, and babies need to build strong bones. 
B) Vitamin K is required to prevent bleeding, and babies are born with low levels of this vitamin. 
C) Vitamin K is required for the formation of visual pigments in the eyes, and babies use their eyes more often than their other senses. 
D) Vitamin K is required to build cell membranes, and babies are growing rapidly. 
A) Vitamin K is required for calcium absorption, and babies need to build strong bones. 
B) Vitamin K is required to prevent bleeding, and babies are born with low levels of this vitamin. 
C) Vitamin K is required for the formation of visual pigments in the eyes, and babies use their eyes more often than their other senses. 
D) Vitamin K is required to build cell membranes, and babies are growing rapidly.

Question 20

If an athlete damages a ligament in his or her knee, he or she has damaged

Accepted Answer

A) a connection between two bones. 
B) a connection between bone and muscle. 
C) a mineral-based component of his or her skeleton. 
D) a nonliving component of his or her skeleton. 
A) a connection between two bones. 
B) a connection between bone and muscle. 
C) a mineral-based component of his or her skeleton. 
D) a nonliving component of his or her skeleton.

Exam 20: Digestive, Muscular, and Skeletal Systems

Bending your elbow involves

Which of the following statements best explains why starch molecules must be broken down before they can be absorbed by the small intestine?

The advantage of chewing food is that this process

The power that moves food along your esophagus comes from

The human liver produces bile, a substance that

Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is true?

The ________ is the digestive organ that contracts to mix food particles with acid and enzymes, and also holds food until it can pass farther along for continued digestion.

The structure that is highlighted in this illustration of a knee joint is a

If you were a bird about to embark on a long migratory journey, which of the following nutrients would you want to have stored in large quantities?

One of the most common knee injuries is the tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). How would an injury like this affect the function of the knee?

Which of the following statements about the muscle shown in this figure is true?

Carbohydrates and fats are both

Which of the following would NOT be found in the lower small intestine?

Food passing through our digestive tract would contain the fewest nutrients when it reaches which of the following organs?

Which of the following statements about what happens during a muscle contraction is true?

The function of the esophagus is to

The most likely potential problem faced by a person who is following a low-protein diet is the failure to

Babies may receive an injection of vitamin K at birth. Which of the following is the most likely reason why an injection of vitamin K would be given?

If an athlete damages a ligament in his or her knee, he or she has damaged

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