Exam 12: Adaptation and Species

When a brightly colored guppy population is placed in an area containing many predators, the population changes in only a few generations to one containing only guppies with drab, dull colors that blend into their environment. This is an example of how natural selection can

The rough-skinned newt produces one of the most potent toxins on the planet. Scientists in Oregon have found that as newts evolve to produce a more deadly toxin, their primary predator, the garter snake, evolves ways to resist the toxin. This is an example of

Match each numbered statement to one of terms listed below. -process by which one species splits to form two species or more

For two populations to accumulate enough genetic differences to cause speciation, the factors that promote these differences

The faster a cheetah can run, the more likely it is to capture its prey. Cheetahs with longer legs are able to run faster than those with shorter legs. Although the existing cheetah population shows a variety of leg lengths, cheetah legs are not continuing to increase in length from one generation to the next. Which of the following is a possible explanation?

A lizard is attacked by a bird. The lizard escapes and survives without his hind legs. Fortunately for this lizard, the loss of his hind limbs allows him to live within a smaller crevice than other lizards of the same species so he experiences less competition. Which of the following is true for this lizard?

Bacteria reproduce asexually, so scientists classify them based on

Before the cultivation of the apple tree, apple maggot flies laid their eggs exclusively on the fruit of Hawthorne trees. As apple orchards became more prominent, apple maggot flies began to lay their eggs on both the fruit of the Hawthorne tree and the fruit of cultivated apple trees. Now, apple maggot flies that live on apple trees mate and lay their eggs at different times of the year than apple maggot flies that live on Hawthorne trees. Is this an example of reproductive isolation?

The formation of a new species

The fossils of two adult birds are found in a nest containing several fossilized eggs. Physically, the bird fossils look very different. What are scientists most likely to use to classify these species?

A rainforest is a highly complex habitat with organisms living at various levels in the trees, on the ground, and underground. Is it possible to consider two populations of insects living in the same tree to be geographically isolated?

Which of the following is NOT an example of speciation?

Individual organisms with inherited characteristics that enable them to survive and reproduce are said to have greater ________ fitness than individuals who fail to survive and reproduce.

Geographic isolation limits the ________ between populations of a species.

The red-breasted nuthatch and the white-breasted nuthatch are similar in appearance and, in many regions of the United States, their ranges overlap. The two organisms do not interbreed. Based on this information, red-breasted and white-breasted nuthatches are

In general, geographical isolation occurs when

Populations within a species are connected by

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat. These species are

Genetic adaptations in two closely related species living within the same territory indicates that

Which of the following would NOT be expected after a population undergoes geographic isolation?