Question 1

Viral transport media used to transport specimens

Accepted Answer

A) contain protein, such as serum, albumin, or gelatin. 
B) contain antimicrobials. 
C) include Stuart's medium, Amie's medium, Leibovitz-Emory medium, Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS), and Eagles tissue culture medium. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) contain protein, such as serum, albumin, or gelatin. 
B) contain antimicrobials. 
C) include Stuart's medium, Amie's medium, Leibovitz-Emory medium, Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS), and Eagles tissue culture medium. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 2

Measures to enhance detection of virus in viral cultures include

Accepted Answer

A) centrifugation of specimen and using supernatant to inoculate medium. 
B) vortexing with sterile glass beads. 
C) filtering specimen using a disposable 0.22-mm filter. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) centrifugation of specimen and using supernatant to inoculate medium. 
B) vortexing with sterile glass beads. 
C) filtering specimen using a disposable 0.22-mm filter. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 3

The term viral tropism refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the attraction of viral particles to specific tissue types within the host. 
B) the attachment of viral particles to certain transmitting molecules like blood cells to enable infectious spreading of the virus. 
C) the recognition and attachment of the virus to a limited number of host cell types, allowing infection of some tissues but not others. 
D) the attraction of viral particles to specific host types. 
A) the attraction of viral particles to specific tissue types within the host. 
B) the attachment of viral particles to certain transmitting molecules like blood cells to enable infectious spreading of the virus. 
C) the recognition and attachment of the virus to a limited number of host cell types, allowing infection of some tissues but not others. 
D) the attraction of viral particles to specific host types.

Question 4

A less demanding, easily automated technique for batch testing for the detection of antiviral antibody that can be used to detect IgM-specific antibodies free of common interfering factors is the

Accepted Answer

A) complement fixation (CF). 
B) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIS
A) . 
C) indirect immunofluorescence (IF). 
D) anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF). 
A) complement fixation (CF). 
B) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIS
A) . 
C) indirect immunofluorescence (IF). 
D) anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF).

Question 5

Influenza A and B viruses can be detected in clinical specimens using

Accepted Answer

A) cell culture. 
B) shell vial assay. 
C) enzyme immunoassay. 
D) FA staining methods. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) cell culture. 
B) shell vial assay. 
C) enzyme immunoassay. 
D) FA staining methods. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 6

If a 2- to 3-day delay in processing of a specimen for viral culture is unavoidable, the specimen should be

Accepted Answer

A) refrigerated until processing occurs. 
B) frozen until processing occurs. 
C) inoculated into cell culture at the bedside. 
D) allowed to sit at room temperature or warmer, such as in an incubator. 
A) refrigerated until processing occurs. 
B) frozen until processing occurs. 
C) inoculated into cell culture at the bedside. 
D) allowed to sit at room temperature or warmer, such as in an incubator.

Question 7

The difference between maintenance medium and growth medium used in viral cell cultures is that

Accepted Answer

A) maintenance medium includes antimicrobials to prevent bacterial contamination. 
B) growth medium is made from Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM). 
C) maintenance medium contains Earle's balanced salt solution. 
D) maintenance medium contains less serum than growth medium. 
A) maintenance medium includes antimicrobials to prevent bacterial contamination. 
B) growth medium is made from Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM). 
C) maintenance medium contains Earle's balanced salt solution. 
D) maintenance medium contains less serum than growth medium.

Question 8

To avoid transplacental infection followed by congenital defects, which series of serologic tests is often performed during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A) Toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus 
B) Toxoplasma, rubella, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus 
C) Rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus 
D) Rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and papilloma virus 
A) Toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus 
B) Toxoplasma, rubella, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus 
C) Rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus 
D) Rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and papilloma virus

Question 9

This rhabdovirus is present in saliva and is transmitted by animal bite; it invades the peripheral and central nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

A) Rubella virus 
B) Alpha virus 
C) Rabies virus 
D) Poxvirus 
A) Rubella virus 
B) Alpha virus 
C) Rabies virus 
D) Poxvirus

Question 10

The most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic fever viruses, this group of long filamentous viruses include Marburg and Ebola.

Accepted Answer

A) Coronaviruses 
B) Bunyaviruses 
C) Caliciviruses 
D) Filoviruses 
A) Coronaviruses 
B) Bunyaviruses 
C) Caliciviruses 
D) Filoviruses

Question 11

Successful cultivation of virus in the laboratory includes

Accepted Answer

A) incubation of the culture immediately at 30° C. 
B) allowing the virus to adsorb to the cell monolayer for at least 2 to 4 hours. 
C) removing the inoculum and culture medium after the initial adsorption period and replacing it with fresh maintenance medium. 
D) adding new growth medium periodically. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) incubation of the culture immediately at 30° C. 
B) allowing the virus to adsorb to the cell monolayer for at least 2 to 4 hours. 
C) removing the inoculum and culture medium after the initial adsorption period and replacing it with fresh maintenance medium. 
D) adding new growth medium periodically. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Exam 48: Laboratory Methods in Basic Virology

Viral transport media used to transport specimens

Measures to enhance detection of virus in viral cultures include

The term viral tropism refers to

A less demanding, easily automated technique for batch testing for the detection of antiviral antibody that can be used to detect IgM-specific antibodies free of common interfering factors is the

Influenza A and B viruses can be detected in clinical specimens using

If a 2- to 3-day delay in processing of a specimen for viral culture is unavoidable, the specimen should be

The difference between maintenance medium and growth medium used in viral cell cultures is that

To avoid transplacental infection followed by congenital defects, which series of serologic tests is often performed during pregnancy?

This rhabdovirus is present in saliva and is transmitted by animal bite; it invades the peripheral and central nervous systems.

The most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic fever viruses, this group of long filamentous viruses include Marburg and Ebola.

Successful cultivation of virus in the laboratory includes

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics Metabolism and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothirix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Laboratory Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Nonculturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Wall-Deficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections

Laboratory Methods in Basic Mycology

Bloodstream Infections

Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck

Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems

Infections of the Eyes, Ears, and Sinuses

Infections of the Urinary Tract

Genital Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections

Normally Sterile Body Fluids, Bone and Bone Marrow, and Solid Tissues

Laboratory Physical Design, Management, and Organization

Quality in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

Infection Control

Sentinel Laboratory Response to Bioterrorism New

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