Question 1

The specimen of choice for detecting rotavirus is a

Accepted Answer

A) throat swab. 
B) urine sample. 
C) bronchoalveolar wash. 
D) feces sample. 
A) throat swab. 
B) urine sample. 
C) bronchoalveolar wash. 
D) feces sample.

Question 2

This virus causes a benign disease with rash and fever unless it occurs in a pregnant patient, where it can infect the developing fetus and result in multiple congenital anomalies.

Accepted Answer

A) Alpha virus 
B) Rabies virus 
C) Poxvirus 
D) Rubella virus 
A) Alpha virus 
B) Rabies virus 
C) Poxvirus 
D) Rubella virus

Question 3

To diagnose active viral disease with serologic methods, the specimen of choice would be

Accepted Answer

A) an acute-phase serum specimen collected at the onset of infection. 
B) acute and convalescent sera. 
C) a single post-acute serum, collected between acute and convalescent times. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) an acute-phase serum specimen collected at the onset of infection. 
B) acute and convalescent sera. 
C) a single post-acute serum, collected between acute and convalescent times. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 4

Which immunoglobulin may form insoluble aggregates upon thawing, giving a false-negative result with previously frozen serum samples?

Accepted Answer

A) IgG 
B) IgE 
C) IgM 
D) IgA 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) IgG 
B) IgE 
C) IgM 
D) IgA 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 5

Viruses that cause arbovirus diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile, as well as Japanese and St.Louis encephalitis viruses, belong to what group of viruses?

Accepted Answer

A) Flaviviruses 
B) Bunyaviruses 
C) Caliciviruses 
D) Filoviruses 
A) Flaviviruses 
B) Bunyaviruses 
C) Caliciviruses 
D) Filoviruses

Question 6

Detection of virus in cell culture by hemadsorption

Accepted Answer

A) is useful in detecting viruses that release via cell lysis. 
B) involves virally encoded glycoprotein hemagglutinins. 
C) involves adsorption of red blood cells to the outer membranes of uninfected cells but not to infected cells. 
D) has been used effectively in patients infected with arboviruses. 
A) is useful in detecting viruses that release via cell lysis. 
B) involves virally encoded glycoprotein hemagglutinins. 
C) involves adsorption of red blood cells to the outer membranes of uninfected cells but not to infected cells. 
D) has been used effectively in patients infected with arboviruses.

Question 7

The major form of control of viral diseases has been

Accepted Answer

A) vaccination. 
B) immune prophylaxis. 
C) antiviral chemotherapeutic agents. 
D) eradication. 
A) vaccination. 
B) immune prophylaxis. 
C) antiviral chemotherapeutic agents. 
D) eradication.

Question 8

The term primary cell line refers to

Accepted Answer

A) those lines that cannot be subcultured more than once or twice to avoid decreased receptivity to viral infection. 
B) those lines that remain virus-sensitive through not more than 10 subcultures. 
C) those lines that remain virus-sensitive through 20 to 50 subcultures. 
D) those lines that can be subcultured and remain sensitive to virus infections indefinitely. 
A) those lines that cannot be subcultured more than once or twice to avoid decreased receptivity to viral infection. 
B) those lines that remain virus-sensitive through not more than 10 subcultures. 
C) those lines that remain virus-sensitive through 20 to 50 subcultures. 
D) those lines that can be subcultured and remain sensitive to virus infections indefinitely.

Question 9

Indirect immunofluorescent FA testing involves

Accepted Answer

A) unlabeled antiviral antibody and a labeled antiglobulin. 
B) labeled antiviral antibody and virus. 
C) labeled antiviral antibody and a labeled antiglobulin. 
D) unlabeled antiviral antibody and virus. 
A) unlabeled antiviral antibody and a labeled antiglobulin. 
B) labeled antiviral antibody and virus. 
C) labeled antiviral antibody and a labeled antiglobulin. 
D) unlabeled antiviral antibody and virus.

Question 10

The specimen of choice for detecting respiratory syncytial virus is a

Accepted Answer

A) throat swab. 
B) nasopharyngeal aspirate. 
C) bronchoalveolar wash. 
D) lung biopsy. 
A) throat swab. 
B) nasopharyngeal aspirate. 
C) bronchoalveolar wash. 
D) lung biopsy.

Question 11

Together, the genome and protein coat of a virion is called a

Accepted Answer

A) capsomere. 
B) capsid. 
C) capsule. 
D) nucleocapsid. 
A) capsomere. 
B) capsid. 
C) capsule. 
D) nucleocapsid.

Question 12

The specimen of choice for detecting cytomegalovirus is a

Accepted Answer

A) sample of lung tissue. 
B) urine sample. 
C) bronchoalveolar wash. 
D) pleural fluid. 
A) sample of lung tissue. 
B) urine sample. 
C) bronchoalveolar wash. 
D) pleural fluid.

Question 13

Direct immunofluorescent FA testing involves

Accepted Answer

A) unlabeled antiviral antibody and a labeled antiglobulin. 
B) labeled antiviral antibody and virus. 
C) labeled antiviral antibody and a labeled antiglobulin. 
D) unlabeled antiviral antibody and virus. 
A) unlabeled antiviral antibody and a labeled antiglobulin. 
B) labeled antiviral antibody and virus. 
C) labeled antiviral antibody and a labeled antiglobulin. 
D) unlabeled antiviral antibody and virus.

Question 14

Which viruses are unique because of their ability to alter antigenic composition, thus reinfecting "nonimmune" susceptible hosts?

Accepted Answer

A) Coronaviruses 
B) Herpes viruses 
C) Influenzae viruses 
D) Filoviruses 
A) Coronaviruses 
B) Herpes viruses 
C) Influenzae viruses 
D) Filoviruses

Question 15

In general, specimens collected for detection of virus should be

Accepted Answer

A) placed in ice and transported to the laboratory at once. 
B) frozen until processing occurs. 
C) processed within 1 to 2 days of collection. 
D) inoculated into cell culture at the bedside. 
A) placed in ice and transported to the laboratory at once. 
B) frozen until processing occurs. 
C) processed within 1 to 2 days of collection. 
D) inoculated into cell culture at the bedside.

Question 16

Measures to avoid bacterial contamination in viral cultures include

Accepted Answer

A) centrifugation of specimen. 
B) vortexing with sterile glass beads. 
C) filtering specimen using a disposable 2-mm filter. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) centrifugation of specimen. 
B) vortexing with sterile glass beads. 
C) filtering specimen using a disposable 2-mm filter. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 17

Calcium alginate swabs are not acceptable for the detection of

Accepted Answer

A) herpes simplex virus. 
B) enterovirus. 
C) rabies virus. 
D) rotavirus. 
A) herpes simplex virus. 
B) enterovirus. 
C) rabies virus. 
D) rotavirus.

Question 18

During the fall, winter, and spring, stool specimens from infants should most likely be tested for

Accepted Answer

A) varicella zoster virus. 
B) herpes simplex virus. 
C) cytomegalovirus. 
D) rotavirus. 
A) varicella zoster virus. 
B) herpes simplex virus. 
C) cytomegalovirus. 
D) rotavirus.

Question 19

Urine specimens are most likely collected for the detection of

Accepted Answer

A) varicella zoster virus. 
B) herpes simplex virus. 
C) cytomegalovirus. 
D) rotavirus. 
A) varicella zoster virus. 
B) herpes simplex virus. 
C) cytomegalovirus. 
D) rotavirus.

Question 20

Membrane ELISA tests in clinical virology

Accepted Answer

A) are well suited for high-volume testing and where rapid results are not needed. 
B) cannot be performed by those with minimum training. 
C) include vials of positive and negative sera for quality monitoring of test procedures. 
D) involve a handheld reaction chamber with a cellulose-like membrane, reagents to apply to the membrane, and a chromogenic reaction. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) are well suited for high-volume testing and where rapid results are not needed. 
B) cannot be performed by those with minimum training. 
C) include vials of positive and negative sera for quality monitoring of test procedures. 
D) involve a handheld reaction chamber with a cellulose-like membrane, reagents to apply to the membrane, and a chromogenic reaction. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Exam 48: Laboratory Methods in Basic Virology

The specimen of choice for detecting rotavirus is a

This virus causes a benign disease with rash and fever unless it occurs in a pregnant patient, where it can infect the developing fetus and result in multiple congenital anomalies.

To diagnose active viral disease with serologic methods, the specimen of choice would be

Which immunoglobulin may form insoluble aggregates upon thawing, giving a false-negative result with previously frozen serum samples?

Viruses that cause arbovirus diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile, as well as Japanese and St.Louis encephalitis viruses, belong to what group of viruses?

Detection of virus in cell culture by hemadsorption

The major form of control of viral diseases has been

The term primary cell line refers to

Indirect immunofluorescent FA testing involves

The specimen of choice for detecting respiratory syncytial virus is a

Together, the genome and protein coat of a virion is called a

The specimen of choice for detecting cytomegalovirus is a

Direct immunofluorescent FA testing involves

Which viruses are unique because of their ability to alter antigenic composition, thus reinfecting "nonimmune" susceptible hosts?

In general, specimens collected for detection of virus should be

Measures to avoid bacterial contamination in viral cultures include

Calcium alginate swabs are not acceptable for the detection of

During the fall, winter, and spring, stool specimens from infants should most likely be tested for

Urine specimens are most likely collected for the detection of

Membrane ELISA tests in clinical virology

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics Metabolism and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothirix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Laboratory Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Nonculturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Wall-Deficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections

Laboratory Methods in Basic Mycology

Bloodstream Infections

Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck

Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems

Infections of the Eyes, Ears, and Sinuses

Infections of the Urinary Tract

Genital Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections

Normally Sterile Body Fluids, Bone and Bone Marrow, and Solid Tissues

Laboratory Physical Design, Management, and Organization

Quality in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory