Question 1

Hybridization methods are based on

Accepted Answer

A) the ability of two nucleic acid strands that have complementary base sequences to specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule. 
B) detecting phenotypic traits not detectable by conventional strategies. 
C) the principles of complementary nucleic acid hybridization with those of nucleic acid replication that are applied repeatedly through numerous cycles. 
D) determining the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained from an organism. 
A) the ability of two nucleic acid strands that have complementary base sequences to specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule. 
B) detecting phenotypic traits not detectable by conventional strategies. 
C) the principles of complementary nucleic acid hybridization with those of nucleic acid replication that are applied repeatedly through numerous cycles. 
D) determining the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained from an organism. A

Question 2

Determination of the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained from an unknown organism.

Accepted Answer

A) Hybridization 
B) Sequencing 
C) Amplification (PCR) 
D) Genotypic 
A) Hybridization 
B) Sequencing 
C) Amplification (PCR) 
D) Genotypic B

Question 3

Nucleic acid sequencing methods are based on

Accepted Answer

A) the ability of two nucleic acid strands that have complementary base sequences to specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule. 
B) detecting phenotypic traits not detectable by conventional strategies. 
C) the principles of complementary nucleic acid hybridization with those of nucleic acid replication. 
D) determining the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained from an organism. 
A) the ability of two nucleic acid strands that have complementary base sequences to specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule. 
B) detecting phenotypic traits not detectable by conventional strategies. 
C) the principles of complementary nucleic acid hybridization with those of nucleic acid replication. 
D) determining the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained from an organism. D

Question 4

The target in the hybridization assay can be described as

Accepted Answer

A) originating from the unknown organism to be detected or identified. 
B) a "reporter" molecule that chemically forms a complex with the single-stranded probe DNA. 
C) originating from an organism of known identity. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) originating from the unknown organism to be detected or identified. 
B) a "reporter" molecule that chemically forms a complex with the single-stranded probe DNA. 
C) originating from an organism of known identity. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 5

Advantages of the amplification methods are

Accepted Answer

A) ability to detect nonviable organisms. 
B) ability to detect organisms that are difficult to cultivate. 
C) ability to detect more quickly those organisms that grow slowly. 
D) ability to quantitate infectious agent burden directly in specimens. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) ability to detect nonviable organisms. 
B) ability to detect organisms that are difficult to cultivate. 
C) ability to detect more quickly those organisms that grow slowly. 
D) ability to quantitate infectious agent burden directly in specimens. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 6

Complementary nucleic acid hybridization is coupled with nucleic acid replication and applied repeatedly through numerous cycles.

Accepted Answer

A) Hybridization 
B) Sequencing 
C) Amplification (PCR) 
D) Genotypic 
A) Hybridization 
B) Sequencing 
C) Amplification (PCR) 
D) Genotypic

Question 7

Target nucleic acid amplification (PCR) methods are based on

Accepted Answer

A) the ability of two nucleic acid strands that have complementary base sequences to specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule. 
B) detecting phenotypic traits not detectable by conventional strategies. 
C) the principles of complementary nucleic acid hybridization with those of nucleic acid replication that are applied repeatedly through numerous cycles. 
D) determining the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained from an organism. 
A) the ability of two nucleic acid strands that have complementary base sequences to specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule. 
B) detecting phenotypic traits not detectable by conventional strategies. 
C) the principles of complementary nucleic acid hybridization with those of nucleic acid replication that are applied repeatedly through numerous cycles. 
D) determining the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained from an organism.

Question 8

The probe in the hybridization assay can be described as

Accepted Answer

A) originating from the unknown organism to be detected or identified. 
B) a "reporter" molecule that chemically forms a complex with the single-stranded probe DNA. 
C) originating from an organism of known identity. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) originating from the unknown organism to be detected or identified. 
B) a "reporter" molecule that chemically forms a complex with the single-stranded probe DNA. 
C) originating from an organism of known identity. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 9

Two nucleic acid strands (a probe and a target) that have complementary base sequences specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) Hybridization 
B) Sequencing 
C) Amplification (PCR) 
D) Genotypic 
A) Hybridization 
B) Sequencing 
C) Amplification (PCR) 
D) Genotypic

Exam 8: Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Hybridization methods are based on

Determination of the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained from an unknown organism.

Nucleic acid sequencing methods are based on

The target in the hybridization assay can be described as

Advantages of the amplification methods are

Complementary nucleic acid hybridization is coupled with nucleic acid replication and applied repeatedly through numerous cycles.

Target nucleic acid amplification (PCR) methods are based on

The probe in the hybridization assay can be described as

Two nucleic acid strands (a probe and a target) that have complementary base sequences specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule.

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics Metabolism and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothirix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Laboratory Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Nonculturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Wall-Deficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections

Laboratory Methods in Basic Mycology

Laboratory Methods in Basic Virology

Bloodstream Infections

Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck

Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems

Infections of the Eyes, Ears, and Sinuses

Infections of the Urinary Tract

Genital Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections

Normally Sterile Body Fluids, Bone and Bone Marrow, and Solid Tissues

Laboratory Physical Design, Management, and Organization

Quality in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

Infection Control

Sentinel Laboratory Response to Bioterrorism New

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