Question 1

The primary plating media for inoculating a wound aspirate for anaerobic culture may include

Accepted Answer

A) anaerobic blood agar. 
B) laked kanamycin-vancomycin blood agar. 
C) aerobic 5% sheep blood agar. 
D) thioglycollate. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) anaerobic blood agar. 
B) laked kanamycin-vancomycin blood agar. 
C) aerobic 5% sheep blood agar. 
D) thioglycollate. 
E) All of the above are correct. E

Question 2

Choose the statement that is most true regarding the identification of anaerobes.

Accepted Answer

A) Complete identification can be very costly. 
B) Complete identification often requires several different testing methods. 
C) Most clinical laboratories no longer perform complete identification of anaerobes. 
D) Presumptive identification is often just as useful as complete identification. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) Complete identification can be very costly. 
B) Complete identification often requires several different testing methods. 
C) Most clinical laboratories no longer perform complete identification of anaerobes. 
D) Presumptive identification is often just as useful as complete identification. 
E) All of the above are correct. E

Question 3

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that will fluoresce brick red or has brown to black pigment is

Accepted Answer

A) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B) Porphyromonas spp. 
C) Bacteroides fragilis group. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
E) Bacteroides ureolyticus 
A) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B) Porphyromonas spp. 
C) Bacteroides fragilis group. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
E) Bacteroides ureolyticus B

Question 4

The most likely identification of an anaerobic Gram negative bacilli that reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture is

Accepted Answer

A) Porphyromonas spp. 
B) Bacteroides fragilis group. 
C) pigmented Prevotella. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
E) Bacteroides ureolyticus. 
A) Porphyromonas spp. 
B) Bacteroides fragilis group. 
C) pigmented Prevotella. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
E) Bacteroides ureolyticus.

Question 5

Fecal cultures for isolation of Clostridium difficile are plated on

Accepted Answer

A) anaerobic blood agar. 
B) laked kanamycin-vancomycin blood agar. 
C) aerobic 5% sheep blood agar. 
D) cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) anaerobic blood agar. 
B) laked kanamycin-vancomycin blood agar. 
C) aerobic 5% sheep blood agar. 
D) cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 6

The most likely identification of an anaerobic, curved, gram-variable bacillus with tapered ends on Gram stain of vaginal secretions when vaginosis is suspected is

Accepted Answer

A) Porphyromonas spp. 
B) Actinomyces. 
C) Mobiluncus 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
E) Bifidobacterium. 
A) Porphyromonas spp. 
B) Actinomyces. 
C) Mobiluncus 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
E) Bifidobacterium.

Question 7

The most likely identification of a bile resistant, kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant anaerobic gram-negative bacilli is

Accepted Answer

A) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B) Porphyromonas spp. 
C) Bacteroides fragilis group. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
E) Bacteroides ureolyticus. 
A) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
B) Porphyromonas spp. 
C) Bacteroides fragilis group. 
D) Fusobacterium spp. 
E) Bacteroides ureolyticus.

Question 8

Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Pigmented Prevotella

Accepted Answer

A) Kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative and indole-negative 
C) fluoresce brick red or brown to black pigment 
D) reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) sensitive to kanamycin and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative and indole-negative 
C) fluoresce brick red or brown to black pigment 
D) reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) sensitive to kanamycin and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 9

The most likely identification of kanamycin-sensitive, anaerobic, gram-negative bacilli that will fluoresce a chartreuse color is

Accepted Answer

A) Fusobacterium spp. 
B) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
C) Bacteroides ureolyticus. 
D) Porphyromonas spp. 
E) pigmented Prevotella. 
A) Fusobacterium spp. 
B) nonpigmented Prevotella. 
C) Bacteroides ureolyticus. 
D) Porphyromonas spp. 
E) pigmented Prevotella.

Question 10

Incubation conditions for anaerobic cultures include

Accepted Answer

A) 30° to 35° C. 
B) incubation for 48 hours before exposing to air. 
C) incubated for at least 3 days before discarding. 
D) incubation of broth medium aerobically with the cap loose. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) 30° to 35° C. 
B) incubation for 48 hours before exposing to air. 
C) incubated for at least 3 days before discarding. 
D) incubation of broth medium aerobically with the cap loose. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 11

The ethanol shock or heat shock test will separate which two bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium ramosum 
B) Clostridium and Bifidobacterium 
C) Actinomyces and Bifidobacterium 
D) Eubacterium and Eggerthella 
A) Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium ramosum 
B) Clostridium and Bifidobacterium 
C) Actinomyces and Bifidobacterium 
D) Eubacterium and Eggerthella

Question 12

Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Bacteroides ureolyticus

Accepted Answer

A) Kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative and indole-negative 
C) fluoresce brick red or brown to black pigment 
D) reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) sensitive to kanamycin and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative and indole-negative 
C) fluoresce brick red or brown to black pigment 
D) reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) sensitive to kanamycin and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 13

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that is a very large fusiform bacillus with one pointed end and one blunt end is

Accepted Answer

A) Eubacterium. 
B) Veillonella. 
C) Leptotrichia. 
D) Propionibacterium. 
E) Lactobacillus. 
A) Eubacterium. 
B) Veillonella. 
C) Leptotrichia. 
D) Propionibacterium. 
E) Lactobacillus.

Question 14

The absence of leukocytes in a Gram stain of a clinical specimen

Accepted Answer

A) rules out the presence of a serious anaerobic infection. 
B) may indicate that the causative organism produces necrotizing toxins. 
C) may indicate poor transport methods. 
D) may indicate excessive exposure to air during specimen processing. 
A) rules out the presence of a serious anaerobic infection. 
B) may indicate that the causative organism produces necrotizing toxins. 
C) may indicate poor transport methods. 
D) may indicate excessive exposure to air during specimen processing.

Question 15

The media used for isolating the anaerobic agent of bacteremia may include

Accepted Answer

A) thioglycollate. 
B) Schaedler's broth. 
C) thiol broth. 
D) None of the above are correct. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) thioglycollate. 
B) Schaedler's broth. 
C) thiol broth. 
D) None of the above are correct. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 16

Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Bacteroides fragilis group

Accepted Answer

A) Kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative and indole-negative 
C) fluoresce brick red or brown to black pigment 
D) reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) sensitive to kanamycin and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative and indole-negative 
C) fluoresce brick red or brown to black pigment 
D) reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) sensitive to kanamycin and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 17

Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Fusobacterium spp.

Accepted Answer

A) Kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative and indole-negative 
C) fluoresce brick red or brown to black pigment 
D) reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) sensitive to kanamycin and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative and indole-negative 
C) fluoresce brick red or brown to black pigment 
D) reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) sensitive to kanamycin and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Question 18

Characteristics that strongly indicate the presence of anaerobes in a clinical specimen include

Accepted Answer

A) a foul odor. 
B) sulfur granules. 
C) brick-red fluorescence under long-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) a foul odor. 
B) sulfur granules. 
C) brick-red fluorescence under long-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 19

The media used for culturing a blood specimen for anaerobes may include

Accepted Answer

A) anaerobic blood agar. 
B) Schaedler's broth. 
C) 5% sheep blood agar. 
D) laked kanamycin-vancomycin blood agar. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) anaerobic blood agar. 
B) Schaedler's broth. 
C) 5% sheep blood agar. 
D) laked kanamycin-vancomycin blood agar. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 20

Match the description to the most likely identification.
-Nonpigmented Prevotella

Accepted Answer

A) Kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative and indole-negative 
C) fluoresce brick red or brown to black pigment 
D) reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) sensitive to kanamycin and fluoresce a chartreuse color 
A) Kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant and grow in 20% bile 
B) bile-sensitive, kanamycin-resistant, catalase-negative and indole-negative 
C) fluoresce brick red or brown to black pigment 
D) reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture 
E) sensitive to kanamycin and fluoresce a chartreuse color

Exam 41: Laboratory Considerations

The primary plating media for inoculating a wound aspirate for anaerobic culture may include

Choose the statement that is most true regarding the identification of anaerobes.

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that will fluoresce brick red or has brown to black pigment is

The most likely identification of an anaerobic Gram negative bacilli that reduces nitrate and requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture is

Fecal cultures for isolation of Clostridium difficile are plated on

The most likely identification of an anaerobic, curved, gram-variable bacillus with tapered ends on Gram stain of vaginal secretions when vaginosis is suspected is

The most likely identification of a bile resistant, kanamycin, colistin, and vancomycin-resistant anaerobic gram-negative bacilli is

Match the description to the most likely identification. -Pigmented Prevotella

The most likely identification of kanamycin-sensitive, anaerobic, gram-negative bacilli that will fluoresce a chartreuse color is

Incubation conditions for anaerobic cultures include

The ethanol shock or heat shock test will separate which two bacteria?

Match the description to the most likely identification. -Bacteroides ureolyticus

The most likely identification of an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that is a very large fusiform bacillus with one pointed end and one blunt end is

The absence of leukocytes in a Gram stain of a clinical specimen

The media used for isolating the anaerobic agent of bacteremia may include

Match the description to the most likely identification. -Bacteroides fragilis group

Match the description to the most likely identification. -Fusobacterium spp.

Characteristics that strongly indicate the presence of anaerobes in a clinical specimen include

The media used for culturing a blood specimen for anaerobes may include

Match the description to the most likely identification. -Nonpigmented Prevotella

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics Metabolism and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothirix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Nonculturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Wall-Deficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections

Laboratory Methods in Basic Mycology

Laboratory Methods in Basic Virology

Bloodstream Infections

Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck

Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems

Infections of the Eyes, Ears, and Sinuses

Infections of the Urinary Tract

Genital Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections

Normally Sterile Body Fluids, Bone and Bone Marrow, and Solid Tissues

Laboratory Physical Design, Management, and Organization

Quality in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory