Question 1

Of the various types of specimens collected to diagnose respiratory infections, which one is acceptable for detection of anaerobic agents?

Accepted Answer

A) Tracheostomy aspirates 
B) Bronchial washings 
C) Gastric aspirates 
D) Transtracheal aspirates 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) Tracheostomy aspirates 
B) Bronchial washings 
C) Gastric aspirates 
D) Transtracheal aspirates 
E) All of the above are correct. D

Question 2

One of the most common causes of bacterial pneumonia in school-age children (5 to 14 years of age) is

Accepted Answer

A) Haemophilus influenzae, type 
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae. 
C) Streptococcus pyogenes. 
D) type A influenza virus. 
E) Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
A) Haemophilus influenzae, type 
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae. 
C) Streptococcus pyogenes. 
D) type A influenza virus. 
E) Mycoplasma pneumoniae E

Question 3

The most common etiologic agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults is

Accepted Answer

A) Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
B) Chlamydophila pneumoniae. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae. 
A) Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
B) Chlamydophila pneumoniae. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae. C

Question 4

One of the most important uses of the Gram stain of expectorated sputum received for routine bacteriologic culture is

Accepted Answer

A) to give the physician a quick analysis of the type of organism causing the infection. 
B) to evaluate the quality of the specimen. 
C) to distinguish between the possibility of bacterial or viral source of infection. 
D) to begin appropriate antimicrobial therapy as soon as possible. 
A) to give the physician a quick analysis of the type of organism causing the infection. 
B) to evaluate the quality of the specimen. 
C) to distinguish between the possibility of bacterial or viral source of infection. 
D) to begin appropriate antimicrobial therapy as soon as possible.

Question 5

Bacterial pneumonia in children is most commonly caused by

Accepted Answer

A) H.influenzae. 
B) S.pneumoniae. 
C) S.aureus. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) H.influenzae. 
B) S.pneumoniae. 
C) S.aureus. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 6

The most common etiologic agent of lower respiratory tract infection among adults younger than 30 years of age is

Accepted Answer

A) Chlamydophila pneumoniae. 
B) Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) Haemophilus influenzae. 
A) Chlamydophila pneumoniae. 
B) Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) Haemophilus influenzae.

Question 7

One of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old is

Accepted Answer

A) Chlamydophila pneumoniae. 
B) Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) respiratory syncytial virus. 
A) Chlamydophila pneumoniae. 
B) Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) respiratory syncytial virus.

Question 8

Adenoviruses are one of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among

Accepted Answer

A) previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old. 
B) adults younger than 30 years of age. 
C) community-acquired pneumonia in adults. 
D) children of school age. 
A) previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old. 
B) adults younger than 30 years of age. 
C) community-acquired pneumonia in adults. 
D) children of school age.

Question 9

The most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract disease among previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old are

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory syncytial viruses. 
B) human metapneumoviruses. 
C) parainfluenza, influenza, and adenoviruses. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) respiratory syncytial viruses. 
B) human metapneumoviruses. 
C) parainfluenza, influenza, and adenoviruses. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 10

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is detected as the most common agent of lower respiratory tract infections among

Accepted Answer

A) previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old. 
B) adults younger than 30 years of age. 
C) community-acquired pneumonia in adults. 
D) children of school age. 
A) previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old. 
B) adults younger than 30 years of age. 
C) community-acquired pneumonia in adults. 
D) children of school age.

Question 11

The nasal hairs, convoluted passages, and mucous lining of the nasal turbinates

Accepted Answer

A) nonspecifically protect the respiratory tract from infection. 
B) promote colonization of normal bacterial flora. 
C) can aid adherence by potentially harmful bacteria. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) nonspecifically protect the respiratory tract from infection. 
B) promote colonization of normal bacterial flora. 
C) can aid adherence by potentially harmful bacteria. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 12

Evaluation of the quality of the sputum specimen sent to the laboratory for bacterial culture is best done by

Accepted Answer

A) measuring the amount of mucous found. 
B) checking for mucous or blood. 
C) examining microscopically via Gram-stained smear for leukocytes. 
D) examining microscopically via Gram-stained smear for squamous epithelial cells. 
A) measuring the amount of mucous found. 
B) checking for mucous or blood. 
C) examining microscopically via Gram-stained smear for leukocytes. 
D) examining microscopically via Gram-stained smear for squamous epithelial cells.

Question 13

Streptococcus pneumoniae is detected as the most common agent of lower respiratory tract infections among

Accepted Answer

A) previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old. 
B) adults younger than 30 years of age. 
C) community-acquired pneumonia in adults. 
D) children of school age. 
A) previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old. 
B) adults younger than 30 years of age. 
C) community-acquired pneumonia in adults. 
D) children of school age.

Question 14

Respiratory syncytial virus is one of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among

Accepted Answer

A) previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old. 
B) adults younger than 30 years of age. 
C) community-acquired pneumonia in adults. 
D) children of school age. 
A) previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old. 
B) adults younger than 30 years of age. 
C) community-acquired pneumonia in adults. 
D) children of school age.

Exam 50: Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Of the various types of specimens collected to diagnose respiratory infections, which one is acceptable for detection of anaerobic agents?

One of the most common causes of bacterial pneumonia in school-age children (5 to 14 years of age) is

The most common etiologic agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults is

One of the most important uses of the Gram stain of expectorated sputum received for routine bacteriologic culture is

Bacterial pneumonia in children is most commonly caused by

The most common etiologic agent of lower respiratory tract infection among adults younger than 30 years of age is

One of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old is

Adenoviruses are one of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among

The most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract disease among previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old are

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is detected as the most common agent of lower respiratory tract infections among

The nasal hairs, convoluted passages, and mucous lining of the nasal turbinates

Evaluation of the quality of the sputum specimen sent to the laboratory for bacterial culture is best done by

Streptococcus pneumoniae is detected as the most common agent of lower respiratory tract infections among

Respiratory syncytial virus is one of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics Metabolism and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothirix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Laboratory Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Nonculturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Wall-Deficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections

Laboratory Methods in Basic Mycology

Laboratory Methods in Basic Virology

Bloodstream Infections

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck

Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems

Infections of the Eyes, Ears, and Sinuses

Infections of the Urinary Tract

Genital Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections

Normally Sterile Body Fluids, Bone and Bone Marrow, and Solid Tissues

Laboratory Physical Design, Management, and Organization

Quality in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

Infection Control

Sentinel Laboratory Response to Bioterrorism New

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