Question 1

The nutrient-absorbing and water-exchanging portion of the fungus is called

Accepted Answer

A) vegetative mycelium. 
B) aerial mycelia. 
C) reproductive hyphae. 
D) germ tubes. 
A) vegetative mycelium. 
B) aerial mycelia. 
C) reproductive hyphae. 
D) germ tubes.

Question 2

The basic structural unit of the molds are tubelike projections known as

Accepted Answer

A) mycelium. 
B) hyphae. 
C) germ tubes. 
D) pseudohyphae. 
A) mycelium. 
B) hyphae. 
C) germ tubes. 
D) pseudohyphae.

Question 3

The presence of nonbudding, thick-walled spherules, 20 to 200 µm in diameter, containing either granular material or numerous small, nonbudding endospores, usually indicates infection with

Accepted Answer

A) Coccidioides immitis. 
B) Blastomyces dermatitidis. 
C) Histoplasma capsulatum. 
D) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 
A) Coccidioides immitis. 
B) Blastomyces dermatitidis. 
C) Histoplasma capsulatum. 
D) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

Question 4

A fungus culture is growing a mold that has unbranched sporangiophores with rhizoids that appear at the base of the sporangiophore at the point where the stolon arises.This fungus should be identified as

Accepted Answer

A) Cunninghamella. 
B) Absidia. 
C) Mucor. 
D) Rhizopus. 
A) Cunninghamella. 
B) Absidia. 
C) Mucor. 
D) Rhizopus.

Question 5

Microconidia can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A) conidia that have divided into many smaller conidia. 
B) large, usually multiseptate and club- or spindle-shaped spores. 
C) large, elbow-shaped, rough-walled spores. 
D) small, unicellular, round, elliptical, or pyriform. 
A) conidia that have divided into many smaller conidia. 
B) large, usually multiseptate and club- or spindle-shaped spores. 
C) large, elbow-shaped, rough-walled spores. 
D) small, unicellular, round, elliptical, or pyriform.

Question 6

The genus Microsporum is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) large spindle-shaped, rough-walled macroconidia with thick walls that contain 4 to 15 septa and small club-shaped microconidia. 
B) predominate spherical, teardrop-shaped or club-shaped microconidia and smooth, club-shaped, thin-walled macroconidia with 8 to 10 septa borne singly at the terminal ends of hyphae or on short conidiophores. 
C) numerous smooth, thin-walled, club-shaped, multiseptate macroconidia, which are rounded at the tip and are borne singly on a conidiophore or in groups of two or three, no microconidia, and numerous chlamydoconidia. 
D) spherical, teardrop-shaped microconidia and rough, club-shaped, thick-walled macroconidia with 8 to 10 septa borne on short conidiophores. 
A) large spindle-shaped, rough-walled macroconidia with thick walls that contain 4 to 15 septa and small club-shaped microconidia. 
B) predominate spherical, teardrop-shaped or club-shaped microconidia and smooth, club-shaped, thin-walled macroconidia with 8 to 10 septa borne singly at the terminal ends of hyphae or on short conidiophores. 
C) numerous smooth, thin-walled, club-shaped, multiseptate macroconidia, which are rounded at the tip and are borne singly on a conidiophore or in groups of two or three, no microconidia, and numerous chlamydoconidia. 
D) spherical, teardrop-shaped microconidia and rough, club-shaped, thick-walled macroconidia with 8 to 10 septa borne on short conidiophores.

Question 7

Which group of fungi produce infections that involve the superficial areas of the body, including the hair, skin, and nails?

Accepted Answer

A) Dermatophytes 
B) Zygomycetes 
C) Dimorphic fungi 
D) Dematiaceous fungi 
A) Dermatophytes 
B) Zygomycetes 
C) Dimorphic fungi 
D) Dematiaceous fungi

Question 8

Large, usually multiseptate and club- or spindle-shaped spores are called

Accepted Answer

A) microconidia. 
B) macroconidia. 
C) conidiophores. 
D) phialides. 
A) microconidia. 
B) macroconidia. 
C) conidiophores. 
D) phialides.

Question 9

A recent immigrant from Latin America presents with a fungal infection of the hair of the scalp and pubic hair.The fungus culture reveals a dematiaceous fungi.The most likely diagnosis would be

Accepted Answer

A) tinea nigra. 
B) black piedra. 
C) eumycotic mycetoma. 
D) dermatophycosis. 
A) tinea nigra. 
B) black piedra. 
C) eumycotic mycetoma. 
D) dermatophycosis.

Question 10

Which characteristic is used in the diagnostic laboratory to help identify clinically significant molds?

Accepted Answer

A) The growth rate 
B) Colonial morphologic features such as color and texture 
C) Microscopic morphologic features such as shape, method of production, and arrangement of spores 
D) A combination of the characteristics given in above is used. 
A) The growth rate 
B) Colonial morphologic features such as color and texture 
C) Microscopic morphologic features such as shape, method of production, and arrangement of spores 
D) A combination of the characteristics given in above is used.

Question 11

A mold that has dark-pigmented, septate hyphae and single-celled conidia would likely belong to which group of fungi?

Accepted Answer

A) Alternaria 
B) Zygomycetes 
C) Cladosporium 
D) Microsporum 
A) Alternaria 
B) Zygomycetes 
C) Cladosporium 
D) Microsporum

Question 12

The rounding up and enlargement of the terminal cells of the hyphae in which there is a concentration of protoplasm and nutrient material produces what type of spore?

Accepted Answer

A) Arthroconidia 
B) Chlamydoconidia 
C) Ascospores 
D) Ascoconidia 
A) Arthroconidia 
B) Chlamydoconidia 
C) Ascospores 
D) Ascoconidia

Question 13

The presence of large, round or oval, multiply budding yeast cells, which resemble a "mariner's wheel," usually indicates infection with

Accepted Answer

A) Coccidioides immitis. 
B) Blastomyces dermatitidis. 
C) Histoplasma capsulatum. 
D) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 
A) Coccidioides immitis. 
B) Blastomyces dermatitidis. 
C) Histoplasma capsulatum. 
D) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

Question 14

Which group of molds is referred to as the "aseptate" fungi?

Accepted Answer

A) Dermatophytes 
B) Zygomycetes 
C) Dimorphic fungi 
D) Dematiaceous fungi 
A) Dermatophytes 
B) Zygomycetes 
C) Dimorphic fungi 
D) Dematiaceous fungi

Question 15

A recent immigrant from Africa presents with tumorlike deformities of the subcutaneous tissue and multiple sinus tracts that drain pus containing granules.The fungus culture reveals a hyaline septate fungi.The most likely diagnosis would be

Accepted Answer

A) tinea nigra. 
B) black piedra. 
C) eumycotic mycetoma. 
D) chromoblastomycosis. 
A) tinea nigra. 
B) black piedra. 
C) eumycotic mycetoma. 
D) chromoblastomycosis.

Question 16

Rough-walled spores called zygospores are formed by

Accepted Answer

A) progressive cleavage during maturation within the sporangium. 
B) rupture of the sporangial wall. 
C) the rounding up and enlargement of the terminal cells of the hyphae. 
D) the union of two matching types of Zygomycetes. 
A) progressive cleavage during maturation within the sporangium. 
B) rupture of the sporangial wall. 
C) the rounding up and enlargement of the terminal cells of the hyphae. 
D) the union of two matching types of Zygomycetes.

Question 17

Unbranched sporangiophores with rhizoids that appear at the point where the stolon arises, at the base of the sporangiophore would usually indicate infection with

Accepted Answer

A) Cunninghamella. 
B) Absidia. 
C) Mucor. 
D) Rhizopus. 
A) Cunninghamella. 
B) Absidia. 
C) Mucor. 
D) Rhizopus.

Question 18

The genus ___________ is capable of invading the hair, skin, and nails.

Accepted Answer

A) Trichophyton 
B) Epidermophyton 
C) Microsporum canis 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) Trichophyton 
B) Epidermophyton 
C) Microsporum canis 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 19

Match the fungus with its description. Choose from the following:
-Microsporum

Accepted Answer

A) Large spindle-shaped, rough-walled macroconidia with thick walls that contain 4 to 15 septa and small club-shaped microconidia 
B) predominate spherical, teardrop-shaped or club-shaped microconidia and smooth, club-shaped, thin-walled macroconidia with 8 to 10 septa borne singly at the terminal ends of hyphae or on short conidiophores. 
C) numerous smooth, thin-walled, club-shaped, multiseptate macroconidia, which are rounded at the tip and are borne singly on a conidiophore or in groups of two or three, no microconidia, and numerous chlamydoconidia.d.spherical, teardrop-shaped microconidia and rough, club-shaped, thick-walled macroconidia with 8 to 10 septa borne on short conidiophores. 
A) Large spindle-shaped, rough-walled macroconidia with thick walls that contain 4 to 15 septa and small club-shaped microconidia 
B) predominate spherical, teardrop-shaped or club-shaped microconidia and smooth, club-shaped, thin-walled macroconidia with 8 to 10 septa borne singly at the terminal ends of hyphae or on short conidiophores. 
C) numerous smooth, thin-walled, club-shaped, multiseptate macroconidia, which are rounded at the tip and are borne singly on a conidiophore or in groups of two or three, no microconidia, and numerous chlamydoconidia.d.spherical, teardrop-shaped microconidia and rough, club-shaped, thick-walled macroconidia with 8 to 10 septa borne on short conidiophores.

Question 20

In most instances the most definitive means for identification of clinically significant molds is

Accepted Answer

A) the growth rate. 
B) colonial morphologic features such as color and texture. 
C) microscopic morphologic features such as shape, method of production, and arrangement of spores. 
D) biochemical reactions. 
A) the growth rate. 
B) colonial morphologic features such as color and texture. 
C) microscopic morphologic features such as shape, method of production, and arrangement of spores. 
D) biochemical reactions.

Exam 47: Laboratory Methods in Basic Mycology

The nutrient-absorbing and water-exchanging portion of the fungus is called

The basic structural unit of the molds are tubelike projections known as

The presence of nonbudding, thick-walled spherules, 20 to 200 µm in diameter, containing either granular material or numerous small, nonbudding endospores, usually indicates infection with

A fungus culture is growing a mold that has unbranched sporangiophores with rhizoids that appear at the base of the sporangiophore at the point where the stolon arises.This fungus should be identified as

Microconidia can be defined as

The genus Microsporum is characterized by

Which group of fungi produce infections that involve the superficial areas of the body, including the hair, skin, and nails?

Large, usually multiseptate and club- or spindle-shaped spores are called

A recent immigrant from Latin America presents with a fungal infection of the hair of the scalp and pubic hair.The fungus culture reveals a dematiaceous fungi.The most likely diagnosis would be

Which characteristic is used in the diagnostic laboratory to help identify clinically significant molds?

A mold that has dark-pigmented, septate hyphae and single-celled conidia would likely belong to which group of fungi?

The rounding up and enlargement of the terminal cells of the hyphae in which there is a concentration of protoplasm and nutrient material produces what type of spore?

The presence of large, round or oval, multiply budding yeast cells, which resemble a "mariner's wheel," usually indicates infection with

Which group of molds is referred to as the "aseptate" fungi?

A recent immigrant from Africa presents with tumorlike deformities of the subcutaneous tissue and multiple sinus tracts that drain pus containing granules.The fungus culture reveals a hyaline septate fungi.The most likely diagnosis would be

Rough-walled spores called zygospores are formed by

Unbranched sporangiophores with rhizoids that appear at the point where the stolon arises, at the base of the sporangiophore would usually indicate infection with

The genus ___________ is capable of invading the hair, skin, and nails.

Match the fungus with its description. Choose from the following: -Microsporum

In most instances the most definitive means for identification of clinically significant molds is

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics Metabolism and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothirix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Laboratory Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Nonculturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Wall-Deficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections

Laboratory Methods in Basic Virology

Bloodstream Infections

Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck

Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems

Infections of the Eyes, Ears, and Sinuses

Infections of the Urinary Tract

Genital Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections

Normally Sterile Body Fluids, Bone and Bone Marrow, and Solid Tissues

Laboratory Physical Design, Management, and Organization

Quality in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory