Question 1

The amino acid ___ is considered essential in humans while ___ is considered non-essential.

Accepted Answer

methionine, glutamine

Question 2

Which of the following is correctly described?

Accepted Answer

A)  proteome: the complete set of proteins present in a cell at a given time 
B)  metabolome: the complete set of metabolic enzymes active in a cell at a given time 
C)  transcriptome: the complete set of proteins being synthesized at a given time 
D)  genome: the complete set of genes that are expressed at a given time 
E)  none of the above 
A)  proteome: the complete set of proteins present in a cell at a given time 
B)  metabolome: the complete set of metabolic enzymes active in a cell at a given time 
C)  transcriptome: the complete set of proteins being synthesized at a given time 
D)  genome: the complete set of genes that are expressed at a given time 
E)  none of the above A

Question 3

Digestion of food utilizes enzymes that catalyze _____ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis 
B)  reduction 
C)  condensation 
D)  oxidative 
E)  group transfer 
A)  hydrolysis 
B)  reduction 
C)  condensation 
D)  oxidative 
E)  group transfer A

Question 4

The bulk of triacylglycerols in the human body are stored in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  liver cells 
B)  adipocytes 
C)  muscle cells 
D)  nerve cells 
E)  lipoproteins 
A)  liver cells 
B)  adipocytes 
C)  muscle cells 
D)  nerve cells 
E)  lipoproteins

Question 5

The conversion of a carbohydrate into CO2 is a(n) _____ process; the conversion of CO2 into a carbohydrate is a(n) _____ process.

Accepted Answer

A)  reductive; oxidative 
B)  endergonic; exergonic 
C)  exergonic; endergonic 
D)  oxidative; exergonic 
E)  endergonic; reductive 
A)  reductive; oxidative 
B)  endergonic; exergonic 
C)  exergonic; endergonic 
D)  oxidative; exergonic 
E)  endergonic; reductive

Question 6

Digestion of food by mammals converts _____ into _____ which can be absorbed from the intestines.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins; dipeptides and tripeptides 
B)  polysaccharides; monosaccharides and disaccharides 
C)  cholesterol; acetyl CoA 
D)  nucleic acids; polynucleotides 
E)  triacylglycerols; fatty acids 
A)  proteins; dipeptides and tripeptides 
B)  polysaccharides; monosaccharides and disaccharides 
C)  cholesterol; acetyl CoA 
D)  nucleic acids; polynucleotides 
E)  triacylglycerols; fatty acids

Question 7

If the $\Delta$G°    is known, how can Keq be calculated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Keq = log e($\Delta$G°   /RT) 
B)  Keq = e($\Delta$G°   /T $\Delta$ S) 
C)  Keq = RT ln $\Delta$ G°   
D)  Keq = e-($\Delta$G°   /RT) 
E)  Keq = ln ($\Delta$G°   /T $\Delta$ S) 
A)  Keq = log e($\Delta$G°   /RT) 
B)  Keq = e($\Delta$G°   /T $\Delta$ S) 
C)  Keq = RT ln $\Delta$ G°   
D)  Keq = e-($\Delta$G°   /RT) 
E)  Keq = ln ($\Delta$G°   /T $\Delta$ S)

Question 8

When a reaction is at equilibrium, the  $\Delta$ G is equal to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  0 
C)  -1 
D)  $\Delta$G°   
E)  none of the above 
A)  1 
B)  0 
C)  -1 
D)  $\Delta$G°   
E)  none of the above

Question 9

Phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the reaction in which a phosphate group is transferred from the C-1 of glucose to the C-6 of glucose (G1P $\rightleftarrows$G6P). A student incubates a 0.2 M solution of glucose-1-phosphate overnight with a small amount of the enzyme. At equilibrium the concentration of glucose-1-phosphate is 9.0 × 10-3 M and the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate is 19.1 × 10-2 M.
Calculate the equilibrium constant (Keq) and the standard state free energy ($\Delta$G°') for this reaction at 25°C.

Accepted Answer

The equilibrium constant K<sub

Question 10

Which of the following vitamins is correctly paired with the disease that is caused by its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  biotin: scurvy 
B)  pantothenic acid: beriberi 
C)  nicotinamide: pellagra 
D)  thiamine: anemia 
E)  folic acid: rickets 
A)  biotin: scurvy 
B)  pantothenic acid: beriberi 
C)  nicotinamide: pellagra 
D)  thiamine: anemia 
E)  folic acid: rickets

Question 11

The _____ stores glucose as glycogen and converts excess glucose to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle; amino acids 
B)  adipose tissue; fatty acids 
C)  liver; fatty acids 
D)  brain; energy 
E)  none of the above 
A)  muscle; amino acids 
B)  adipose tissue; fatty acids 
C)  liver; fatty acids 
D)  brain; energy 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Consider the reaction A + B « C + D. After reaching equilibrium at 25°C, the following concentrations of reactants and products were measured: [A] = 10 µM, [B] = 15 µM, [C] = 10 µM, [D] = 10 µM. Calculate $\Delta$G°  for this reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000 J/mol 
B)  10 kJ/mol 
C)  1 J/mol 
D)  insufficient data to determine answer 
E)  none of the above 
A)  1,000 J/mol 
B)  10 kJ/mol 
C)  1 J/mol 
D)  insufficient data to determine answer 
E)  none of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is more highly oxidized than acetaldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethane 
B)  ethanol 
C)  ethylene 
D)  ethylene glycol 
E)  acetic acid 
A)  ethane 
B)  ethanol 
C)  ethylene 
D)  ethylene glycol 
E)  acetic acid

Question 14

Which of the following is used to move lipids around the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  micelles 
B)  liposomes 
C)  liposuctions 
D)  lipoproteins 
E)  cholesterol esters 
A)  micelles 
B)  liposomes 
C)  liposuctions 
D)  lipoproteins 
E)  cholesterol esters

Question 15

Which of the following vitamins is correctly paired with its biochemical function?

Accepted Answer

A)  folic acid: carboxylation reactions 
B)  biotin: decarboxylation reactions 
C)  riboflavin: acyl transfer reactions 
D)  pyridoxine: amino-group transfer reactions 
E)  pantothenic acid: redox reactions 
A)  folic acid: carboxylation reactions 
B)  biotin: decarboxylation reactions 
C)  riboflavin: acyl transfer reactions 
D)  pyridoxine: amino-group transfer reactions 
E)  pantothenic acid: redox reactions

Question 16

In highly active muscle, _____ is used to regenerate ATP.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphocreatine 
B)  1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
C)  pyrophosphate 
D)  phosphoenolpyruvate 
E)  acetyl-CoA 
A)  phosphocreatine 
B)  1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
C)  pyrophosphate 
D)  phosphoenolpyruvate 
E)  acetyl-CoA

Question 17

What is the intracellular glucose concentration if the $\Delta$G for the following reaction is -20.1 kJ/mol at 37°C and concentrations for glucose-6-phosphate and phosphate are both 1 mM?
Glucose-6-phosphate   glucose + Pi $\Delta$G°    = -13.8 kJ/mol

Accepted Answer

A)  1.9  $\mu$ M 
B)  87  $\mu$ M 
C)  1.9 mM 
D)  27 mM 
E)  87 mM 
A)  1.9  $\mu$ M 
B)  87  $\mu$ M 
C)  1.9 mM 
D)  27 mM 
E)  87 mM

Question 18

Plants are considered _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemoautotrophs 
B)  photoautotrophs 
C)  chemoheterotrophs 
D)  photoheterotrophs 
E)  none of the above 
A)  chemoautotrophs 
B)  photoautotrophs 
C)  chemoheterotrophs 
D)  photoheterotrophs 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

The _____-terminus of ubiquitin is linked to a _____ residue of proteins to be degraded.

Accepted Answer

A)  N; Asp 
B)  N; Glu 
C)  C; Lys 
D)  C; Ser 
E)  C; Tyr 
A)  N; Asp 
B)  N; Glu 
C)  C; Lys 
D)  C; Ser 
E)  C; Tyr

Question 20

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ala 
B)  Val 
C)  Cys 
D)  Tyr 
E)  Gly 
A)  Ala 
B)  Val 
C)  Cys 
D)  Tyr 
E)  Gly

The amino acid _ is considered essential in humans while _ is considered non-essential.

Which of the following is correctly described?

Digestion of food utilizes enzymes that catalyze _____ reactions.

The bulk of triacylglycerols in the human body are stored in _____.

The conversion of a carbohydrate into CO₂ is a(n) _ process; the conversion of CO₂ into a carbohydrate is a(n) _ process.

Digestion of food by mammals converts _ into _ which can be absorbed from the intestines.

If the $\Delta$ G° $If the \Delta G° is known, how can K<sub>eq</sub> be calculated?$ is known, how can K_eq be calculated?

When a reaction is at equilibrium, the $\Delta$ G is equal to _____.

Which of the following vitamins is correctly paired with the disease that is caused by its deficiency?

The _ stores glucose as glycogen and converts excess glucose to _.

Which of the following is more highly oxidized than acetaldehyde?

Which of the following is used to move lipids around the bloodstream?

Which of the following vitamins is correctly paired with its biochemical function?

In highly active muscle, _____ is used to regenerate ATP.

Plants are considered _____.

The _-terminus of ubiquitin is linked to a _ residue of proteins to be degraded.

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

The Chemical Basis of Life

Aqueous Chemistry

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Protein Function

How Enzymes Work

Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition

Lipids and Membranes

Membrane Transport

Signaling

Carbohydrates

Glucose Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Nitrogen Metabolism

Regulation of Mammalian Fuel Metabolism

DNA Replication and Repair

Transcription and RNA

Protein Synthesis

Filters

Exam 12: Metabolism and Bioenergetics

The amino acid ___ is considered essential in humans while ___ is considered non-essential.

Which of the following is correctly described?

Digestion of food utilizes enzymes that catalyze _____ reactions.

The bulk of triacylglycerols in the human body are stored in _____.

The conversion of a carbohydrate into CO2 is a(n) _____ process; the conversion of CO2 into a carbohydrate is a(n) _____ process.

Digestion of food by mammals converts _____ into _____ which can be absorbed from the intestines.

If the Δ\DeltaΔ G° is known, how can Keq be calculated?

When a reaction is at equilibrium, the Δ\DeltaΔ G is equal to _____.

Which of the following vitamins is correctly paired with the disease that is caused by its deficiency?

The _____ stores glucose as glycogen and converts excess glucose to _____.

Consider the reaction A + B « C + D. After reaching equilibrium at 25°C, the following concentrations of reactants and products were measured: [A] = 10 µM, [B] = 15 µM, [C] = 10 µM, [D] = 10 µM. Calculate Δ\DeltaΔ G° for this reaction.

Which of the following is more highly oxidized than acetaldehyde?

Which of the following is used to move lipids around the bloodstream?

Which of the following vitamins is correctly paired with its biochemical function?

In highly active muscle, _____ is used to regenerate ATP.

What is the intracellular glucose concentration if the Δ\DeltaΔ G for the following reaction is -20.1 kJ/mol at 37°C and concentrations for glucose-6-phosphate and phosphate are both 1 mM? Glucose-6-phosphate glucose + Pi Δ\DeltaΔ G° = -13.8 kJ/mol

Plants are considered _____.

The _____-terminus of ubiquitin is linked to a _____ residue of proteins to be degraded.

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

The Chemical Basis of Life

Aqueous Chemistry

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Protein Function

How Enzymes Work

Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition

Lipids and Membranes

Membrane Transport

Signaling

Carbohydrates

Glucose Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Nitrogen Metabolism

Regulation of Mammalian Fuel Metabolism

DNA Replication and Repair

Transcription and RNA

Protein Synthesis

Filters

The amino acid _ is considered essential in humans while _ is considered non-essential.

The conversion of a carbohydrate into CO₂ is a(n) _ process; the conversion of CO₂ into a carbohydrate is a(n) _ process.

Digestion of food by mammals converts _ into _ which can be absorbed from the intestines.

If the $\Delta$ G° $If the \Delta G° is known, how can K<sub>eq</sub> be calculated?$ is known, how can K_eq be calculated?

When a reaction is at equilibrium, the $\Delta$ G is equal to _____.

The _ stores glucose as glycogen and converts excess glucose to _.

The _-terminus of ubiquitin is linked to a _ residue of proteins to be degraded.