Question 1

Which of the following would be positively charged at physiological pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucuronic acid 
B)  fructose-6-phosphate 
C)  xylitol 
D)  glucosamine 
E)  all of the above 
A)  glucuronic acid 
B)  fructose-6-phosphate 
C)  xylitol 
D)  glucosamine 
E)  all of the above D

Question 2

Which two monosaccharides seen below are epimers?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  A and C 
C)  B and C 
D)  C and D 
E)  B and D 
A)  A and B 
B)  A and C 
C)  B and C 
D)  C and D 
E)  B and D A

Question 3

Milk contains many oligosaccharides that cannot be digested by mammalian enzymes but instead are thought to serve as a source of nutriment for intestinal bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which of the following is a major difference between cellulose and chitin?

Accepted Answer

A)  chitin is produced by insects, cellulose is produced by plants 
B)  chitin contains glucose and glucosamine, cellulose contains only glucose 
C)  chitin contains  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 6) glycosidic bonds, cellulose contains $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) glycosidic bonds 
D)  chitin is a branched polymer, cellulose is linear 
E)  none of the above 
A)  chitin is produced by insects, cellulose is produced by plants 
B)  chitin contains glucose and glucosamine, cellulose contains only glucose 
C)  chitin contains  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 6) glycosidic bonds, cellulose contains $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) glycosidic bonds 
D)  chitin is a branched polymer, cellulose is linear 
E)  none of the above

Question 5

The enzyme _____ from _____ allows animals such as cows to derive energy from cellulose.

Accepted Answer

A)  chitinase; termites 
B)  cellulase; microorganisms 
C)  glucosyltransferase; viruses 
D)  lactase; microorganisms 
E)  none of the above 
A)  chitinase; termites 
B)  cellulase; microorganisms 
C)  glucosyltransferase; viruses 
D)  lactase; microorganisms 
E)  none of the above

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  epimers 
B)  anomers 
C)  diastereomers 
D)  pentoses 
E)  one is a D sugar, one is an L sugar 
A)  epimers 
B)  anomers 
C)  diastereomers 
D)  pentoses 
E)  one is a D sugar, one is an L sugar

Question 7

What glycosidic bonds are seen in the following portion of an N-linked oligosaccharide? Abbreviations: galactose: Gal; glucose: Glu; N-acetylglucosamine: NAG

Accepted Answer

A)  F $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) between Gal and NAG;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 6) between Glu and NAG 
B)    $\beta$  (1 $\rarr$ 4) between Gal and NAG;  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 3) between Glu and NAG 
C)   $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 3) between Gal and NAG;  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) between Glu and NAG 
D)   $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) between Gal and NAG;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 3) between Glu and NAG 
E)   $\beta$   (1 $\rarr$ 4) between Gal and NAG;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 3) between Glu and NAG 
A)  F $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) between Gal and NAG;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 6) between Glu and NAG 
B)    $\beta$  (1 $\rarr$ 4) between Gal and NAG;  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 3) between Glu and NAG 
C)   $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 3) between Gal and NAG;  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) between Glu and NAG 
D)   $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) between Gal and NAG;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 3) between Glu and NAG 
E)   $\beta$   (1 $\rarr$ 4) between Gal and NAG;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 3) between Glu and NAG

Question 8

In eukaryotes, intracellular proteins can be glycosylated by attachment of ___ to a ___ residue.

Accepted Answer

N-acetylgl

Question 9

Which of the following is glucose-6-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  
  
B)  
  
C)  
  
D)  
  
E)  none of the above 
A)  
  
B)  
  
C)  
  
D)  
  
E)  none of the above

Question 10

Which monosaccharide(s) seen below is(are) the enantiomer(s) of A?

Accepted Answer

A)  B 
B)  C 
C)  D 
D)  B and C 
E)  C and D 
A)  B 
B)  C 
C)  D 
D)  B and C 
E)  C and D

Question 11

Which of the following Haworth projections correctly shows the  $\alpha$  anomer of galactose?

Accepted Answer

A)  
  
B)  
  
C)  
  
D)  
  
E)  none of the above 
A)  
  
B)  
  
C)  
  
D)  
  
E)  none of the above

Question 12

The three-carbon monosaccharide _____ is a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  dihydroxyacetone; enantiomer 
B)  fructose; triose 
C)  ribose; hemiacetal 
D)  galactose; ketose 
E)  glyceraldehyde; aldose 
A)  dihydroxyacetone; enantiomer 
B)  fructose; triose 
C)  ribose; hemiacetal 
D)  galactose; ketose 
E)  glyceraldehyde; aldose

Question 13

At equilibrium in solution, D-glucose consists of a mixture of its anomers. Which statement most accurately describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  consists of approximately equal amounts of the  $\alpha$ - and  $\beta$ -anomers 
B)  the  $\alpha$ -anomer is more stable and is slightly preferred over the  $\beta$ -anomer 
C)  the  $\beta$ -anomer predominates over the  $\alpha$ -anomer by a ratio of approximately 2:1 
D)  straight-chain form is present in high concentration 
E)  none of the above 
A)  consists of approximately equal amounts of the  $\alpha$ - and  $\beta$ -anomers 
B)  the  $\alpha$ -anomer is more stable and is slightly preferred over the  $\beta$ -anomer 
C)  the  $\beta$ -anomer predominates over the  $\alpha$ -anomer by a ratio of approximately 2:1 
D)  straight-chain form is present in high concentration 
E)  none of the above

Question 14

The reaction between an alcohol and an anomeric carbon of a carbohydrate forms a _____ bond.

Accepted Answer

A)  anomeric 
B)  glycosidic 
C)  hemiacetal 
D)  ester 
E)  ether 
A)  anomeric 
B)  glycosidic 
C)  hemiacetal 
D)  ester 
E)  ether

Question 15

Amylopectin contains primarily _____ glycosidic bonds with _____ glycosidic bonds as branch points.

Accepted Answer

A)   $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4);  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 2) 
B)   $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4);  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 6) 
C)   $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4);  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 6) 
D)   $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4);  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ ) 
E)   $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4);  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 6) 
A)   $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4);  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 2) 
B)   $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4);  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 6) 
C)   $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4);  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 6) 
D)   $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4);  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ ) 
E)   $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4);  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 6)

Question 16

Processing of N-glycosylated proteins within the Golgi apparatus involves the removal of monosaccharides by _____ and addition of new monosaccharides by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycosidases; glycosyltransferases 
B)  epimerases; glycosidases 
C)  cellulases; lactases 
D)  glycosyltransferases; N-amidases 
E)  proteases; glycosylases 
A)  glycosidases; glycosyltransferases 
B)  epimerases; glycosidases 
C)  cellulases; lactases 
D)  glycosyltransferases; N-amidases 
E)  proteases; glycosylases

Question 17

What is the only monosaccharide that is achiral?

Accepted Answer

A)  glyceraldehyde 
B)  ribose 
C)  galactose 
D)  dihydroxyacetone 
E)  fructose 
A)  glyceraldehyde 
B)  ribose 
C)  galactose 
D)  dihydroxyacetone 
E)  fructose

Question 18

Chondroitin sulfate, shown below, contains which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 3) glycosidic bond 
B)  a  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) glycosidic bond 
C)  a glucuronic acid residue 
D)  a sulfate ester of N-acetylgalactosamine 
E)  all of the above 
A)  a  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 3) glycosidic bond 
B)  a  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) glycosidic bond 
C)  a glucuronic acid residue 
D)  a sulfate ester of N-acetylgalactosamine 
E)  all of the above

Question 19

The molecular formula for a monosaccharide is _____ where _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  CnH2n+2On; n     3 
B)  CnH2nOn; n  $\ge$  3 
C)  CnH2nOn; n  $\ge$ 4 
D)  CnH2n+2On; n     4 
E)  none of the above 
A)  CnH2n+2On; n     3 
B)  CnH2nOn; n  $\ge$  3 
C)  CnH2nOn; n  $\ge$ 4 
D)  CnH2n+2On; n     4 
E)  none of the above

Question 20

The following is a(n) _____ disaccharide with a(n) _____ glycosidic bond.

Accepted Answer

A)   $\alpha$ ;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) 
B)   $\alpha$ ;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 1) 
C)   $\beta$ ;  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) 
D)   $\beta$ ;  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 1) 
E)   $\beta$ ;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) 
A)   $\alpha$ ;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) 
B)   $\alpha$ ;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 1) 
C)   $\beta$ ;  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 4) 
D)   $\beta$ ;  $\alpha$ (1 $\rarr$ 1) 
E)   $\beta$ ;  $\beta$ (1 $\rarr$ 4)

Exam 11: Carbohydrates

Which of the following would be positively charged at physiological pH?

Which two monosaccharides seen below are epimers?

Milk contains many oligosaccharides that cannot be digested by mammalian enzymes but instead are thought to serve as a source of nutriment for intestinal bacteria.

Which of the following is a major difference between cellulose and chitin?

The enzyme _____ from _____ allows animals such as cows to derive energy from cellulose.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the following molecules?

What glycosidic bonds are seen in the following portion of an N-linked oligosaccharide? Abbreviations: galactose: Gal; glucose: Glu; N-acetylglucosamine: NAG

In eukaryotes, intracellular proteins can be glycosylated by attachment of ___ to a ___ residue.

Which of the following is glucose-6-phosphate?

Which monosaccharide(s) seen below is(are) the enantiomer(s) of A?

Which of the following Haworth projections correctly shows the α\alphaα anomer of galactose?

The three-carbon monosaccharide _____ is a(n) _____.

At equilibrium in solution, D-glucose consists of a mixture of its anomers. Which statement most accurately describes the solution?

The reaction between an alcohol and an anomeric carbon of a carbohydrate forms a _____ bond.

Amylopectin contains primarily _____ glycosidic bonds with _____ glycosidic bonds as branch points.

Processing of N-glycosylated proteins within the Golgi apparatus involves the removal of monosaccharides by _____ and addition of new monosaccharides by _____.

What is the only monosaccharide that is achiral?

Chondroitin sulfate, shown below, contains which of the following?

The molecular formula for a monosaccharide is _____ where _____.

The following is a(n) _____ disaccharide with a(n) _____ glycosidic bond.

The Chemical Basis of Life

Aqueous Chemistry

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Protein Function

How Enzymes Work

Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition

Lipids and Membranes

Membrane Transport

Signaling

Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Glucose Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Nitrogen Metabolism

Regulation of Mammalian Fuel Metabolism

DNA Replication and Repair

Transcription and RNA

Protein Synthesis

Filters

The enzyme _ from _ allows animals such as cows to derive energy from cellulose.

In eukaryotes, intracellular proteins can be glycosylated by attachment of _ to a _ residue.

Which of the following Haworth projections correctly shows the $\alpha$ anomer of galactose?

The three-carbon monosaccharide _ is a(n) _.

Amylopectin contains primarily _ glycosidic bonds with _ glycosidic bonds as branch points.

Processing of N-glycosylated proteins within the Golgi apparatus involves the removal of monosaccharides by _ and addition of new monosaccharides by _.

The molecular formula for a monosaccharide is _ where _.

The following is a(n) _ disaccharide with a(n) _ glycosidic bond.