Question 1

A ___ becomes a ___ through loss of cholesterol to tissue.

Accepted Answer

VLDL, LDL

Question 2

In the  $\beta$ -oxidation pathway, the oxidation occurs at carbon _____ with the acetyl group that becomes acetyl-CoA derived from the _____ end of the fatty acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  1; carbonyl 
B)  1; methyl 
C)  2; carbonyl 
D)  2; methyl 
E)  3; carbonyl 
A)  1; carbonyl 
B)  1; methyl 
C)  2; carbonyl 
D)  2; methyl 
E)  3; carbonyl E

Question 3

What enzymes are required to make fatty acids containing 22 or 24 carbons?

Accepted Answer

A)  elongases 
B)  reductase 
C)  desaturase 
D)  hydratase 
E)  malonyl-CoA ligase 
A)  elongases 
B)  reductase 
C)  desaturase 
D)  hydratase 
E)  malonyl-CoA ligase A

Question 4

Considering the characteristics of common fatty acids found in animals described in the text, which of the structures shown below would you consider the rarest fatty acid if found in animals?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)   
  
C)    
D)    
E)  All structures would be equally rare. 
A)    
B)   
  
C)    
D)    
E)  All structures would be equally rare.

Question 5

The portion of the acyl carrier protein that activates the growing fatty acid is similar to the structure of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  biotin 
B)  thiamine pyrophosphate 
C)  tetrahydrobiopterin 
D)  coenzyme A 
E)  folic acid 
A)  biotin 
B)  thiamine pyrophosphate 
C)  tetrahydrobiopterin 
D)  coenzyme A 
E)  folic acid

Question 6

What mechanism is used to control whether HMG-CoA is used for ketone body synthesis or for cholesterol synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  control of HMG-CoA lyase versus HMG-CoA reductase 
B)  control of NADPH versus acetyl-CoA levels 
C)  control of NADPH:NAD+ levels 
D)  depletion of products influences where HMG-CoA will be shunted 
E)  ketone bodies are synthesized in the mitochondria; cholesterol is synthesized in the cytoplasm 
A)  control of HMG-CoA lyase versus HMG-CoA reductase 
B)  control of NADPH versus acetyl-CoA levels 
C)  control of NADPH:NAD+ levels 
D)  depletion of products influences where HMG-CoA will be shunted 
E)  ketone bodies are synthesized in the mitochondria; cholesterol is synthesized in the cytoplasm

Question 7

When a growing fatty acid is not attached to the ACP, it is attached to a _____ residue of the fatty acid synthase complex.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cys 
B)  Ser 
C)  Tyr 
D)  Glu 
E)  His 
A)  Cys 
B)  Ser 
C)  Tyr 
D)  Glu 
E)  His

Question 8

Of the major lipoproteins, _____ are highest in cholesterol and cholesterol esters while _____ are highest in triacylglycerols.

Accepted Answer

A)  chylomicrons; HDL 
B)  VLDL; LDL 
C)  LDL; VLDL 
D)  LDL; chylomicrons 
E)  HDL; VLDL 
A)  chylomicrons; HDL 
B)  VLDL; LDL 
C)  LDL; VLDL 
D)  LDL; chylomicrons 
E)  HDL; VLDL

Question 9

What molecule is able to move across the mitochondrial membrane and is thus used to "transfer" acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetate 
B)  oxaloacetate 
C)   $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate 
D)  citrate 
E)  succinate 
A)  acetate 
B)  oxaloacetate 
C)   $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate 
D)  citrate 
E)  succinate

Question 10

In fatty acid synthesis, _____ catalyzes the reverse reaction of _____ in $\beta$-oxidation.

Accepted Answer

A)  3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase; acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
B)  3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
C)  3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase; enoyl-CoA hydratase 
D)  enoyl-ACP reductase; thiolase 
E)  transacylase; enoyl-CoA hydratase 
A)  3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase; acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
B)  3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
C)  3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase; enoyl-CoA hydratase 
D)  enoyl-ACP reductase; thiolase 
E)  transacylase; enoyl-CoA hydratase

Question 11

During $\beta$ -oxidation in the peroxisome, what reoxidizes the enzyme-bound FADH2 during the first oxidation of the pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  H2O2 
B)  O2 
C)  NAD+ 
D)  FMN 
E)  none of the above 
A)  H2O2 
B)  O2 
C)  NAD+ 
D)  FMN 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

What are the energy requirements for the synthesis of one molecule of palmitate from eight molecules of acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  16 NADPH, 15 ATP 
B)  16 NADPH, 8 ATP 
C)  16 NADPH, 7 ATP 
D)  14 NADPH, 15 ATP 
E)  14 NADPH, 7 ATP 
A)  16 NADPH, 15 ATP 
B)  16 NADPH, 8 ATP 
C)  16 NADPH, 7 ATP 
D)  14 NADPH, 15 ATP 
E)  14 NADPH, 7 ATP

Question 13

The movement of ___ into a cell occurs by endocytosis following ___.

Accepted Answer

LDL, bindi

A _ becomes a _ through loss of cholesterol to tissue.

In the $\beta$ -oxidation pathway, the oxidation occurs at carbon _ with the acetyl group that becomes acetyl-CoA derived from the _ end of the fatty acid.

What enzymes are required to make fatty acids containing 22 or 24 carbons?

Considering the characteristics of common fatty acids found in animals described in the text, which of the structures shown below would you consider the rarest fatty acid if found in animals?

The portion of the acyl carrier protein that activates the growing fatty acid is similar to the structure of _____.

What mechanism is used to control whether HMG-CoA is used for ketone body synthesis or for cholesterol synthesis?

When a growing fatty acid is not attached to the ACP, it is attached to a _____ residue of the fatty acid synthase complex.

Of the major lipoproteins, _ are highest in cholesterol and cholesterol esters while _ are highest in triacylglycerols.

What molecule is able to move across the mitochondrial membrane and is thus used to "transfer" acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol?

In fatty acid synthesis, _ catalyzes the reverse reaction of _ in $\beta$ -oxidation.

During $\beta$ -oxidation in the peroxisome, what reoxidizes the enzyme-bound FADH₂ during the first oxidation of the pathway?

What are the energy requirements for the synthesis of one molecule of palmitate from eight molecules of acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria?

The movement of _ into a cell occurs by endocytosis following _.

The Chemical Basis of Life

Aqueous Chemistry

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Protein Function

How Enzymes Work

Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition

Lipids and Membranes

Membrane Transport

Signaling

Carbohydrates

Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Glucose Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Nitrogen Metabolism

Regulation of Mammalian Fuel Metabolism

DNA Replication and Repair

Transcription and RNA

Protein Synthesis

Filters

Exam 17: Lipid Metabolism

A ___ becomes a ___ through loss of cholesterol to tissue.

In the β\betaβ -oxidation pathway, the oxidation occurs at carbon _____ with the acetyl group that becomes acetyl-CoA derived from the _____ end of the fatty acid.

What enzymes are required to make fatty acids containing 22 or 24 carbons?

Considering the characteristics of common fatty acids found in animals described in the text, which of the structures shown below would you consider the rarest fatty acid if found in animals?

The portion of the acyl carrier protein that activates the growing fatty acid is similar to the structure of _____.

What mechanism is used to control whether HMG-CoA is used for ketone body synthesis or for cholesterol synthesis?

When a growing fatty acid is not attached to the ACP, it is attached to a _____ residue of the fatty acid synthase complex.

Of the major lipoproteins, _____ are highest in cholesterol and cholesterol esters while _____ are highest in triacylglycerols.

What molecule is able to move across the mitochondrial membrane and is thus used to "transfer" acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol?

In fatty acid synthesis, _____ catalyzes the reverse reaction of _____ in β\betaβ -oxidation.

During β\betaβ -oxidation in the peroxisome, what reoxidizes the enzyme-bound FADH2 during the first oxidation of the pathway?

What are the energy requirements for the synthesis of one molecule of palmitate from eight molecules of acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria?

The movement of ___ into a cell occurs by endocytosis following ___.

The Chemical Basis of Life

Aqueous Chemistry

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Protein Function

How Enzymes Work

Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition

Lipids and Membranes

Membrane Transport

Signaling

Carbohydrates

Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Glucose Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Nitrogen Metabolism

Regulation of Mammalian Fuel Metabolism

DNA Replication and Repair

Transcription and RNA

Protein Synthesis

Filters

A _ becomes a _ through loss of cholesterol to tissue.

In the $\beta$ -oxidation pathway, the oxidation occurs at carbon _ with the acetyl group that becomes acetyl-CoA derived from the _ end of the fatty acid.

Of the major lipoproteins, _ are highest in cholesterol and cholesterol esters while _ are highest in triacylglycerols.

In fatty acid synthesis, _ catalyzes the reverse reaction of _ in $\beta$ -oxidation.

During $\beta$ -oxidation in the peroxisome, what reoxidizes the enzyme-bound FADH₂ during the first oxidation of the pathway?

The movement of _ into a cell occurs by endocytosis following _.