Exam 4: Nutrient Role in Bioenergetics

In the degradation of one mole of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the outermost phosphate bond splits and liberates approximately __________ of free energy.

The hydrogens released during fatty acid catabolism oxidize through the respiratory chain.

The enzyme __________ catalyzes triacylglycerol breakdown to one glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.

Under anaerobic glycolysis, nonoxidized hydrogens combine temporarily with pyruvate to form __________.

Carbohydrates in the body __________.

Electron transport by specific carrier molecules constitutes the respiratory chain.

One of the cell's major energy-transforming activities is to extract kinetic energy from food and conserve it within the bonds of ATP.

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy transforms from one state to another and is used up.

The respiratory chain releases free energy progressively in relatively small amounts.

Other than ATP, __________ is an intracellular high-energy phosphate compound that releases a large amount of energy when bonds split.

Glucose breaks down relatively rapidly to two molecules of pyruvate in a process called __________.

When deaminated, some amino acids yield intermediate products for the synthesis of __________.