Exam 13: Body Composition Assessment

Fat-free body mass (FFM) represents body mass devoid of all extractable fat (FFM = body mass - fat mass).

In premenopausal women, menstrual irregularity or absence of menstrual function increases risk of bone loss and musculoskeletal injury in vigorous physical activity.

Near-infrared interactance may be less accurate than skinfolds in assessing % body fat.

Generally, the leanest women in the population do not have body fat levels below 10% to 12%, representing a narrow range probably at the lower limit for most women in good health.

Body volume computes as the difference between body mass measured in water and body specific gravity.

Being above some "average," "ideal," or "desirable" body mass based on weight-for-height tables should not dictate whether someone should __________.

Can probably alter muscle size by almost the same relative extent as male bodybuilders.

An object's loss of weight in water equals the weight of the volume of water it displaces, making its specific gravity equal to the mass of an object in air divided by its gain of water weight.

Central fat deposition, independent of fat storage in other anatomic regions, increases these undesirable medical conditions: hypertension; hyperinsulinemia; glucose intolerance; Type 2 diabetes; hypertriglyceridemia and negatively altered lipoprotein profile.

Air displacement plethysmography to assess body volume.

The reference woman is taller and heavier, her skeleton weighs more, and she has a larger muscle mass and lower total fat content than the reference man.

CT scan shows the percentage contribution of these tissue types in a cross section of a body part (such as both thighs).

Lean body mass, a theoretical entity, contains non-sex-specific essential fat (equivalent to $\approx$ 6%-10% of body mass) located chiefly within the brain and central nervous system, bone marrow, and internal organs.

Economic, social, and nutritional changes (overnutrition and improper nutrition) over the past 20 to 30 years combined with a decline in regular physical activity, link closely to the creeping obesity epidemic (which has increased diabetes risk approximately 10-fold).

Fat stored in the gluteal and femoral regions shows greater metabolic responsiveness and greater risk for heart disease than fat stored in the abdominal region.

Region of the body devoid of all extractable fat

The concept of reference standards proves useful for statistical comparisons and data interpretations based on population studies of elite athletes, individuals involved in exercise training and physical activity, different racial and ethnic groups, those at the extremes of underweight and obesity, and individuals intent on improving physique status.

Body density computes as body volume ÷ body mass.

Method that measures the resistance to current flow between the source and detector electrodes to estimate body composition.

Elite Division 1 collegiate football players and NFL professional football players maintain similar body size and body composition.