Question 1

Less than 60 minutes of intense exercise requires extremely high levels of carbohydrate intake and glycogen reserves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

The insolubility of MCFAs enables them to transport rapidly across the intestinal mucosa directly into the liver from the portal vein without necessity of chylomicron transport required for medium-chain triacylglycerols.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The expression "hitting the wall" during endurance activities describes fatigue and discomfort in the active muscles coinciding with severe __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fat depletion 
B)  glycogen depletion 
C)  protein depletion 
D)  accumulation of lactate in the blood 
A)  fat depletion 
B)  glycogen depletion 
C)  protein depletion 
D)  accumulation of lactate in the blood B

Question 4

Successful operative outcomes often depend on an optimal nutritional state, which preoperative dietary restrictions often compromise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Not an essential nutrient

Accepted Answer

A)  12- to 18-carbon long-chain fatty acid 
B)  Inosine 
C)  ATP 
D)  Carnitine 
A)  12- to 18-carbon long-chain fatty acid 
B)  Inosine 
C)  ATP 
D)  Carnitine

Question 6

PCr serves as the cells' "energy reservoir" to provide rapid __________ to resynthesize ATP in the reversible creatine kinase reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  creatine as a nitrogen source 
B)  intermuscular energy sources 
C)  ATP bond energy 
D)  phosphate-bond energy 
A)  creatine as a nitrogen source 
B)  intermuscular energy sources 
C)  ATP bond energy 
D)  phosphate-bond energy

Question 7

Research generally indicates ergogenic benefits, positive metabolic alterations, and body fat-reducing effects from l-carnitine supplementation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs).

Accepted Answer

A)  Accelerate resting heart rate 
B)  Elevate resting systolic blood pressure 
C)  Have more than 22 carbons along the fatty acid chain 
D)  Increased serum uric acid levels in the kidney tubules 
A)  Accelerate resting heart rate 
B)  Elevate resting systolic blood pressure 
C)  Have more than 22 carbons along the fatty acid chain 
D)  Increased serum uric acid levels in the kidney tubules

Question 9

l-Carnitine is a vasoconstrictor and decreases blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Vanadium, a trace element widely distributed in nature, comes from the bluish salt of vanadium acid discovered in 1801 by Spanish chemist Andrés Manuel del Río.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

This compound, found primarily in meats, peanuts, and soybean oil, functions in the mitochondrion's electron transport system of oxidative phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromium picolinate 
B)  l-carnitine 
C)  Creatine monohydrate 
D)  Coenzyme Q10 
A)  Chromium picolinate 
B)  l-carnitine 
C)  Creatine monohydrate 
D)  Coenzyme Q10

Question 12

No research documents an ergogenic effect of vanadium supplementation, and extreme intake produces toxic effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Targeted immunonutrients (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids, arginine, glutamine, nucleotides) to boost immune system function, improve wound healing, and reduce markers of inflammation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Chromium potentiates glucagon function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following alleged health benefits of probiotics is most credible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prevents colon cancer 
B)  Reduces plasma cholesterol levels 
C)  Lowers frequency and duration of diarrhea associated with antibiotics 
D)  Reduces Helicobacter pylori infection 
A)  Prevents colon cancer 
B)  Reduces plasma cholesterol levels 
C)  Lowers frequency and duration of diarrhea associated with antibiotics 
D)  Reduces Helicobacter pylori infection

Question 16

Creatine supplementation has been shown to increase __________ by as much as 2.4 kilograms.

Accepted Answer

A)  body mass 
B)  bench press capabilities 
C)  urine production 
D)  plasma volume 
A)  body mass 
B)  bench press capabilities 
C)  urine production 
D)  plasma volume

Question 17

Creatine supplementation __________ high level aerobic energy transfer.

Accepted Answer

A)  slightly improves 
B)  dramatically improves 
C)  decreases 
D)  does not improve 
A)  slightly improves 
B)  dramatically improves 
C)  decreases 
D)  does not improve

Question 18

Research remains inconclusive about the endurance-enhancing effect of medium-chain triacylglycerol supplementation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A Russian zoologist, Ilya Mechnikov working in the Pasteur Institute in Paris shared the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with German physician and scientist Paul Ehrlich for work __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrating that beneficial microbes have insulin-like properties 
B)  demonstrating that beneficial microbes can replace harmful ones to treat intestinal illnesses 
C)  demonstrating that beneficial microbes modulate probiotic antigens 
D)  demonstrating that beneficial microbes decrease humoral and cellular immunity 
A)  demonstrating that beneficial microbes have insulin-like properties 
B)  demonstrating that beneficial microbes can replace harmful ones to treat intestinal illnesses 
C)  demonstrating that beneficial microbes modulate probiotic antigens 
D)  demonstrating that beneficial microbes decrease humoral and cellular immunity

Question 20

Inosine stimulates glucagon release to slow myocardial glucose delivery to the myocardium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Less than 60 minutes of intense exercise requires extremely high levels of carbohydrate intake and glycogen reserves.

The insolubility of MCFAs enables them to transport rapidly across the intestinal mucosa directly into the liver from the portal vein without necessity of chylomicron transport required for medium-chain triacylglycerols.

The expression "hitting the wall" during endurance activities describes fatigue and discomfort in the active muscles coinciding with severe __________.

Successful operative outcomes often depend on an optimal nutritional state, which preoperative dietary restrictions often compromise.

Not an essential nutrient

PCr serves as the cells' "energy reservoir" to provide rapid __________ to resynthesize ATP in the reversible creatine kinase reaction.

Research generally indicates ergogenic benefits, positive metabolic alterations, and body fat-reducing effects from l-carnitine supplementation.

Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs).

l-Carnitine is a vasoconstrictor and decreases blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues.

Vanadium, a trace element widely distributed in nature, comes from the bluish salt of vanadium acid discovered in 1801 by Spanish chemist Andrés Manuel del Río.

This compound, found primarily in meats, peanuts, and soybean oil, functions in the mitochondrion's electron transport system of oxidative phosphorylation.

No research documents an ergogenic effect of vanadium supplementation, and extreme intake produces toxic effects.

Targeted immunonutrients (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids, arginine, glutamine, nucleotides) to boost immune system function, improve wound healing, and reduce markers of inflammation.

Chromium potentiates glucagon function.

Which of the following alleged health benefits of probiotics is most credible?

Creatine supplementation has been shown to increase __________ by as much as 2.4 kilograms.

Creatine supplementation __________ high level aerobic energy transfer.

Research remains inconclusive about the endurance-enhancing effect of medium-chain triacylglycerol supplementation.

A Russian zoologist, Ilya Mechnikov working in the Pasteur Institute in Paris shared the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with German physician and scientist Paul Ehrlich for work __________.

Inosine stimulates glucagon release to slow myocardial glucose delivery to the myocardium.

The Macronutrients

The Micronutrients and Water

Nutrient Digestion and Absorption

Nutrient Role in Bioenergetics

Macronutrient Metabolism

Measurement of Energy in Food

Making Informed and Healthful Nutritional

Nutritional Considerations for Intense

Making Wise Choices in the Nutrition

Physical Activity- Thermoregulation

Pharmacologic and Chemical Ergogenic

Body Composition Assessment

Energy Balance, Physical Activity

Disordered Eating

Filters

Exam 12: Nutritional Ergogenic Aids Evaluated

Less than 60 minutes of intense exercise requires extremely high levels of carbohydrate intake and glycogen reserves.

The insolubility of MCFAs enables them to transport rapidly across the intestinal mucosa directly into the liver from the portal vein without necessity of chylomicron transport required for medium-chain triacylglycerols.

The expression "hitting the wall" during endurance activities describes fatigue and discomfort in the active muscles coinciding with severe __________.

Successful operative outcomes often depend on an optimal nutritional state, which preoperative dietary restrictions often compromise.

Not an essential nutrient

PCr serves as the cells' "energy reservoir" to provide rapid __________ to resynthesize ATP in the reversible creatine kinase reaction.

Research generally indicates ergogenic benefits, positive metabolic alterations, and body fat-reducing effects from l-carnitine supplementation.

Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs).

l-Carnitine is a vasoconstrictor and decreases blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues.

Vanadium, a trace element widely distributed in nature, comes from the bluish salt of vanadium acid discovered in 1801 by Spanish chemist Andrés Manuel del Río.

This compound, found primarily in meats, peanuts, and soybean oil, functions in the mitochondrion's electron transport system of oxidative phosphorylation.

No research documents an ergogenic effect of vanadium supplementation, and extreme intake produces toxic effects.

Targeted immunonutrients (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids, arginine, glutamine, nucleotides) to boost immune system function, improve wound healing, and reduce markers of inflammation.

Chromium potentiates glucagon function.

Which of the following alleged health benefits of probiotics is most credible?

Creatine supplementation has been shown to increase __________ by as much as 2.4 kilograms.

Creatine supplementation __________ high level aerobic energy transfer.

Research remains inconclusive about the endurance-enhancing effect of medium-chain triacylglycerol supplementation.

A Russian zoologist, Ilya Mechnikov working in the Pasteur Institute in Paris shared the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with German physician and scientist Paul Ehrlich for work __________.

Inosine stimulates glucagon release to slow myocardial glucose delivery to the myocardium.

The Macronutrients

The Micronutrients and Water

Nutrient Digestion and Absorption

Nutrient Role in Bioenergetics

Macronutrient Metabolism

Measurement of Energy in Food

Making Informed and Healthful Nutritional

Nutritional Considerations for Intense

Making Wise Choices in the Nutrition

Physical Activity- Thermoregulation

Pharmacologic and Chemical Ergogenic

Body Composition Assessment

Energy Balance, Physical Activity

Disordered Eating

Filters