Exam 12: Nutritional Ergogenic Aids Evaluated

(-)-Hydroxycitrate (HCA) is a compound promoted as a "natural fat burner" to facilitate weight loss and enhance endurance performance.

Men and women possess __________ to accumulate muscle glycogen when fed comparable amounts of carbohydrate relative to their lean body mass.

Independent, nonprofit organization of scientists that establishes high standards for medicine, food ingredients, and dietary supplements.

Cofactor for a low molecular weight protein that potentiates insulin function

Four drug categories used in WADA sanctioned drug testing: anabolic-androgenic steroids, $\beta$ ₂-agonists, cannabinoids, and $\beta$ -blockers in specific sports.

Vanadium supplements do not confer ergogenic benefits.

Exercise performance benefits from increased carbohydrate intake before and during high-intensity aerobic exercise and heavy training.

Forms part of the cells' phospholipid plasma membrane

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs or MCT)

Ribose must be obtained from meat products because the body cannot synthesize it on its own.

Frederick Gowland Hopkins won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for employed new methods to isolate lactic acid in muscle.

Produces significant muscle glycogen "packing"

Creatine loading occurs by ingesting 100 grams of creatine monohydrate for six consecutive days, and then reducing intake to 20 grams daily to maintain elevated intramuscular creatine levels.

The relatively slow rate of digestion, absorption, and assimilation of long-chain triglycerides makes them undesirable as a supplement to improve energy metabolism in active muscle during exercise.

Creatine supplementation provides no ergogenic effect on exercise performance requiring a high level of aerobic energy transfer.

There are limited data to support potential benefits of probiotic supplementation in exercise. However, any purported enhancements to immune system function following exercise would benefit individuals explodes to high levels of physical and environmental stressors.

Oral supplements (1 g/day) of creatine monohydrate significantly increase muscle creatine and performance in high-intensity exercise, particularly repeated intense muscular effort.

During digestion, __________ hydrolyze by lipase action in the mouth, stomach, and duodenum to glycerol and MCFAs.

Immediate carbohydrate-protein supplementation inhibits hormonal response to resistance exercise.

Consuming caffeine augments creatine's ergogenic effect.