Exam 4: Nutrient Role in Bioenergetics

Once fatty acids diffuse from the adipocyte into the circulation, nearly all bind to plasma albumin for transport as free fatty acids.

__________ places a limit on the rate of glycolysis.

The reactions of photosynthesis in plants are the same as respiration in animals.

Highly specific __________ catalyze hydrogen's release from the nutrient substrate.

The citric acid cycle's main function is to degrade acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide and nitrogen within the mitochondria.

Cellular ADP concentration exerts the greatest effect on the rate-limiting enzymes that control the energy metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

The enzyme adipocytase catalyzes triacylglycerol breakdown.

Early scientist involved in the discovery of ATP.

The breakdown of glucose occurs only when oxygen is present.

Free radical formation in muscle during intense aerobic exercise may contribute to muscle fatigue or soreness and a reduction in metabolic potential.

During __________, the chemical energy stored in glucose, lipid, or protein molecules is extracted in the presence of oxygen.

Substrate-level phosphorylation is an __________ reaction.

Cells store only a small quantity of ATP.

The bonds linking the two outermost phosphates of ATP are known as __________.

The first stage of glucose degradation within cells involves a series of chemical reactions collectively termed __________.

Citric acid cycle degradation of fatty acids depends on sufficient __________ availability to combine with the acetyl-CoA formed during $\beta$ -oxidation.

When protein provides energy, the body must eliminate the __________-containing amine group from protein breakdown.

The glycerol and fatty acid molecules contain similar amounts of potential energy.

The bonds between the phosphates of an ATP molecule are considered low-energy bonds.

The splitting of an ATP molecule does not require oxygen.