Exam 4: Nutrient Role in Bioenergetics

PCr hydrolysis reaches a maximum in about ___________.

In anaerobic metabolism, oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the respiratory chain and combines with hydrogen to form water.

In the presence of __________, glucose joins with other glucose molecules to form glycogen.

Exogenous glycerol supplementation contributes a significant energy substrate during exercise.

Electron transport represents the final common pathway in aerobic (oxidative) metabolism.

Dietary protein consumed in excess converts to __________.

__________ and glycogen represent the major energy sources to maintain continual ATP resynthesis at rest.

__________ cannot contribute to glucose synthesis because the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is not reversible.

Excessive protein catabolism __________.

The crucial purpose of energy released in macronutrient breakdown is to phosphorylate ADP to reform the energy-rich compound ATP.

Aerobic chemical reactions generate energy rapidly for short durations without oxygen.

On average, six ATP molecules form from the oxidation of one NADH molecule.

Glucagon is a hormone of the sympathetic nervous system.

The citric acid cycle serves as the final common pathway where the electrons extracted from hydrogen pass to oxygen.

The transport of electrons by specific carrier molecules constitutes the respiratory chain.

The cytochromes carry electrons and contain the mineral chromium.

Toward the end of prolonged physical effort (with glycogen reserves low), circulating FFAs supply nearly __________% of the total energy required.

At rest for a 70-kilogram person, oxygen uptake averages about __________ mL·kg^-1·min^-1 or 1 metabolic equivalent (MET).

In essence, solar energy coupled with photosynthesis powers the animal world with food and oxygen.

The process called __________ splits the triacylglycerol molecule into glycerol and three water-insoluble fatty acid molecules.