Exam 17: Mechanics of Breathing

There is a mixture of gases in dry air, with an atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg.Calculate the partial pressure of each gas for the examples below: A.20.7% oxygen, 78.2% nitrogen, 0.4% carbon dioxide B.45% oxygen, 41% nitrogen, 3% carbon dioxide, 11% hydrogen C.79% oxygen, 15% nitrogen, 5% carbon dioxide, 1% argon

A newborn infant is found dead, abandoned by the road.Among the many questions that the police would like to have answers to is whether the infant was born dead or alive.After an autopsy, the medical examiner tells them that the infant was dead at birth.How could the medical examiner determine this?

Match the type of breathing with its description. -increased respiratory rate and/or volume due to increased metabolism

Type II alveolar cells

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

Air flow in the respiratory system and blood flow in the cardiovascular system have many similarities-name them.How are they different?

You were the top student in your physiology class last semester.For this reason, your professor has asked that you prepare some lectures for her physiology class this semester.Specifically, she would like you to discuss the similarities and differences between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, in terms of pressure gradients and fluid flow. A.Explain how you will describe the role of the following structures: the pump and the tubes. B.Explain how you will describe the importance of an open vs.closed system and the relevant differences between liquids and gases. C.What is fundamentally different about the respiratory pump compared to the cardiac pump, and why does this difference exist?

Match the lung capacity with its description. -the total amount of air that can be exchanged at will

Match the change in gas composition with the response (disregard weak responses). -Arterioles: systemic dilate, pulmonary constrict.

A ________ is an instrument that measures the volume of air moved with each breath.

The opposing layers of pleural membrane are held together by a thin film of ________.

The upper respiratory tract includes all EXCEPT which of the following?

When alveolar pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure, air flows into the lungs.

Boyle's law states that gas volume is

Ralph is taking SCUBA diving classes and is confused as to why he should not hold his breath under water while ascending-his instructor told him he must exhale continuously.What would you tell him?

The ability of a lung to recoil, or recover from stretch, is called ________.

Chronic inhalation of fine particles that reach the alveoli leads to ________ lung disease.

The lower respiratory tract includes