Exam 24: Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure

Digitalis and the other cardiac glycosides increase the mechanical pumping ability of the heart by bringing about an increase in _________ concentration.

A patient exhibiting symptoms of serious,life-threatening digitalis toxicity could be treated with

In people with heart failure,the best drugs for reducing fluid accumulation and congestion in the lungs and peripheral tissues are

The primary cardiac problem in digitalis toxicity is

Cardiac glycosides such as digitalis are used to treat heart failure because these drugs exert

Angiotensin enzyme (ACE)inhibitors are often essential in treating heart failure because ACE inhibitors

All of the following types of drugs will decrease cardiac workload in people with heart failure EXCEPT

Digitalis exerts its primary mechanical effect by _____ the sodium-potassium pump on the myocardial cell membrane,which leads directly to an _____ intracellular sodium concentration.

In people with heart failure,the best drugs for reducing excessive sympathetic stimulation of the failing heart are

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as inamrinone and milrinone may help increase myocardial contraction in heart failure by ______ breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP),which leads to a(n)______ in calcium in cardiac cells.

Digitalis may exert some of its beneficial effects by decreasing heart rate via a(n)_______ in _______ stimulation of the heart.