Question 1

A decrease in dopamine influence in the basal ganglia leads to increased influence of ______ which can be treated to some extent by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine; anticholinergic drugs 
B)  norepinephrine; dopamine antagonists 
C)  acetylcholine; cholinesterase inhibitors 
D)  norepinephrine; anticholinergic drugs 
E)  acetylcholine; dopamine antagonists 
A)  acetylcholine; anticholinergic drugs 
B)  norepinephrine; dopamine antagonists 
C)  acetylcholine; cholinesterase inhibitors 
D)  norepinephrine; anticholinergic drugs 
E)  acetylcholine; dopamine antagonists A

Question 2

Levodopa administration can help resolve the symptoms of Parkinson disease,but this drug can also cause

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrointestinal problems 
B)  cardiac arrhythmias 
C)  postural hypotension 
D)  dyskinesias 
E)  all the above are true 
A)  gastrointestinal problems 
B)  cardiac arrhythmias 
C)  postural hypotension 
D)  dyskinesias 
E)  all the above are true E

Question 3

Drugs such as selegiline (Eldepryl)and rasagiline (Azilect)that inhibit the monoamine oxidase type B (MAOB)enzyme may be helpful in Parkinson disease because

Accepted Answer

A)  they increase dopamine absorption from the GI tract 
B)  they increase the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the bloodstream 
C)  they decrease the movement of levodopa across the blood-brain barrier 
D)  they decrease the breakdown of dopamine in the brain 
E)  they increase the breakdown of acetylcholine in the brain 
A)  they increase dopamine absorption from the GI tract 
B)  they increase the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the bloodstream 
C)  they decrease the movement of levodopa across the blood-brain barrier 
D)  they decrease the breakdown of dopamine in the brain 
E)  they increase the breakdown of acetylcholine in the brain D

Question 4

Parkinson disease typically occurs because of the slow,progressive degeneration of specific _______-secreting neurons in the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine; cortex 
B)  norepinephrine; cerebellum 
C)  dopamine; basal ganglia 
D)  serotonin; limbic system 
E)  glutamate; brain stem 
A)  acetylcholine; cortex 
B)  norepinephrine; cerebellum 
C)  dopamine; basal ganglia 
D)  serotonin; limbic system 
E)  glutamate; brain stem

Question 5

Upon entering the brain,levodopa is then transformed into dopamine the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  dopa transmutase 
B)  dopa decarboxylase 
C)  monoamine oxidase 
D)  acetylcholinesterase 
E)  sodium-potassium ATPase 
A)  dopa transmutase 
B)  dopa decarboxylase 
C)  monoamine oxidase 
D)  acetylcholinesterase 
E)  sodium-potassium ATPase

Question 6

Oral administration of dopamine is NOT effective in the treatment of Parkinson disease because dopamine is

Accepted Answer

A)  degraded into L-DOPA in the blood stream 
B)  digested in the stomach 
C)  unable to pass from the blood stream into the brain 
D)  degraded by dopa decarboxylase in the blood stream 
E)  none of the above 
A)  degraded into L-DOPA in the blood stream 
B)  digested in the stomach 
C)  unable to pass from the blood stream into the brain 
D)  degraded by dopa decarboxylase in the blood stream 
E)  none of the above

Question 7

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)inhibitors such as entacapone (Comtan)and tolcapone (Tasmar)may enhance the effects of levodopa because these drugs

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the breakdown of dopamine in the brain 
B)  increase dopamine absorption from the GI tract 
C)  prevent conversion of levodopa to an inactive metabolite in the bloodstream 
D)  increase the breakdown of dopamine in the brain 
E)  prolong the activity of acetylcholine in the brain 
A)  decrease the breakdown of dopamine in the brain 
B)  increase dopamine absorption from the GI tract 
C)  prevent conversion of levodopa to an inactive metabolite in the bloodstream 
D)  increase the breakdown of dopamine in the brain 
E)  prolong the activity of acetylcholine in the brain

Question 8

All of the following drugs can be used to treat Parkinson disease EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  L-DOPA 
B)  dopamine antagonists 
C)  catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors 
D)  anticholinergic drugs 
E)  MAO type b inhibitors (e.g., selegiline) 
A)  L-DOPA 
B)  dopamine antagonists 
C)  catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors 
D)  anticholinergic drugs 
E)  MAO type b inhibitors (e.g., selegiline)

Question 9

To prevent premature conversion of L-dopa to dopamine in the bloodstream,L-dopa is often administered with carbidopa because carbidopa is

Accepted Answer

A)  a dopamine antagonist 
B)  an anticholinergic drug 
C)  a cholinesterase inhibitor 
D)  a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor 
E)  an antioxidant 
A)  a dopamine antagonist 
B)  an anticholinergic drug 
C)  a cholinesterase inhibitor 
D)  a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor 
E)  an antioxidant

Question 10

With regard to levodopa administration,"end-of-dose akinesia" describes the phenomenon where

Accepted Answer

A)  a patient experiences hallucinations and other psychotropic effects of levodopa 
B)  drug effects follow an on-off pattern throughout the day 
C)  levodopa seems to become less effective when it is administered for prolonged periods (3 to 4 years) 
D)  the effectiveness of levodopa seems to wear off prior to the next dose 
E)  none of the above are true 
A)  a patient experiences hallucinations and other psychotropic effects of levodopa 
B)  drug effects follow an on-off pattern throughout the day 
C)  levodopa seems to become less effective when it is administered for prolonged periods (3 to 4 years) 
D)  the effectiveness of levodopa seems to wear off prior to the next dose 
E)  none of the above are true

Question 11

Neuronal death that occurs in Parkinson disease may ultimately be caused by the formation of harmful byproducts of oxygen metabolism,better know as

Accepted Answer

A)  free radicals 
B)  dopamine antagonists 
C)  cholinesterase inhibitors 
D)  monoamine oxidase inhibitors 
E)  decarboxylase inhibitors 
A)  free radicals 
B)  dopamine antagonists 
C)  cholinesterase inhibitors 
D)  monoamine oxidase inhibitors 
E)  decarboxylase inhibitors

Question 12

All of the following characteristics of dopamine agonists are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine agonists cross the blood brain barrier 
B)  all clinically useful dopamine agonists must be given by parenteral (nonoral) routes 
C)  the half-life of a dopamine agonist is typically longer than the half-life of levodopa 
D)  dopamine agonists tend to have a lower risk of dyskinesias and other motor side effects compared to levodopa 
E)  some dopamine agonists can be administered transdermally by a patch 
A)  dopamine agonists cross the blood brain barrier 
B)  all clinically useful dopamine agonists must be given by parenteral (nonoral) routes 
C)  the half-life of a dopamine agonist is typically longer than the half-life of levodopa 
D)  dopamine agonists tend to have a lower risk of dyskinesias and other motor side effects compared to levodopa 
E)  some dopamine agonists can be administered transdermally by a patch

Exam 10: Pharmacologic Management of Parkinson Disease

A decrease in dopamine influence in the basal ganglia leads to increased influence of ______ which can be treated to some extent by _______.

Levodopa administration can help resolve the symptoms of Parkinson disease,but this drug can also cause

Drugs such as selegiline (Eldepryl)and rasagiline (Azilect)that inhibit the monoamine oxidase type B (MAOB)enzyme may be helpful in Parkinson disease because

Parkinson disease typically occurs because of the slow,progressive degeneration of specific _______-secreting neurons in the ______.

Upon entering the brain,levodopa is then transformed into dopamine the enzyme

Oral administration of dopamine is NOT effective in the treatment of Parkinson disease because dopamine is

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)inhibitors such as entacapone (Comtan)and tolcapone (Tasmar)may enhance the effects of levodopa because these drugs

All of the following drugs can be used to treat Parkinson disease EXCEPT

To prevent premature conversion of L-dopa to dopamine in the bloodstream,L-dopa is often administered with carbidopa because carbidopa is

With regard to levodopa administration,"end-of-dose akinesia" describes the phenomenon where

Neuronal death that occurs in Parkinson disease may ultimately be caused by the formation of harmful byproducts of oxygen metabolism,better know as

All of the following characteristics of dopamine agonists are true EXCEPT

Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics IDrug Administration,Absorption,and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics II: Drug Elimination

Drug Receptors

General Principles of Central Nervous System Pharmacology

Sedative Hypnotic and Anti-anxiety Agents

Drugs to Treat Affective Disorders Depression and Bipolar Syndrome

Antipsychotic Drugs

Antiepileptic Drugs

General Anesthetics

Local Anesthetics

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Opioid Analgesics

Non-steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs

Pharmacologic Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Patient Controlled Analgesia

Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology

Cholinergic Drugs

Adrenergic Drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Treatment of Angina Pectoris

Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure

Treatment of Coagulation Disorders and Hyperlipidemia

Respiratory Drugs

Gastrointestinal Drugs

Introduction to Endocrine Pharmacology

Adrenocorticosteroids

Male and Female Hormones

Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs: Agents Affecting Bone Mineralization

Pancreatic Hormones and the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Treatment of Infections I: Antibacterial Drugs

Treatment of Infections II: Antiviral Drugs

Treatment of Infections III: Antifungal and Antiparasitic Drugs

Cancer Chemotherapy

Immunomodulating Agents

Filters

A decrease in dopamine influence in the basal ganglia leads to increased influence of which can be treated to some extent by _.

Parkinson disease typically occurs because of the slow,progressive degeneration of specific _-secreting neurons in the .