Question 1

Which of the following dental local anesthetics are available without vasoconstrictor? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Mepivacaine 
B)  Prilocaine 
C)  Articaine 
D)  Bupivacaine 
A)  Mepivacaine 
B)  Prilocaine 
C)  Articaine 
D)  Bupivacaine

Question 2

Amide local anesthetics are metabolized:

Accepted Answer

A)  by being hydrolyzed by plasma pseudocholinesterases. 
B)  primarily by the liver. 
C)  in the spleen. 
D)  minimally and are excreted virtually unchanged. 
A)  by being hydrolyzed by plasma pseudocholinesterases. 
B)  primarily by the liver. 
C)  in the spleen. 
D)  minimally and are excreted virtually unchanged.

Question 3

Which of the following dental local anesthetic agents is available in a 1.7 ml dental cartridge unlike the more common 1.8 ml dental cartridge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lidocaine (Xylocaine, Octocaine) 
B)  Bupivacaine (Marcaine) 
C)  Mepivacaine (Carbocaine, Isocaine) 
D)  Prilocaine (Citanest) 
E)  Articaine (Septocaine) 
A)  Lidocaine (Xylocaine, Octocaine) 
B)  Bupivacaine (Marcaine) 
C)  Mepivacaine (Carbocaine, Isocaine) 
D)  Prilocaine (Citanest) 
E)  Articaine (Septocaine)

Question 4

Use of skin testing to determine local anesthetic allergies is not reliable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of mepivacaine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-allergenicity has been demonstrated between mepivacaine and other currently available amides. 
B)  Mepivacaine is effective topically. 
C)  Mepivacaine can be used as a 3% solution without a vasoconstrictor. 
D)  The benefit of a shorter duration of anesthesia warrants eliminating the vasoconstrictor. 
A)  Cross-allergenicity has been demonstrated between mepivacaine and other currently available amides. 
B)  Mepivacaine is effective topically. 
C)  Mepivacaine can be used as a 3% solution without a vasoconstrictor. 
D)  The benefit of a shorter duration of anesthesia warrants eliminating the vasoconstrictor.

Question 6

Which of the following dental local anesthetics is associated with an increased incidence of paresthesia following an inferior alveolar (IA)block?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 
B)  Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:50,000 
C)  Mepivacaine 2% with levonordefrin 1:20,000 
D)  Prilocaine 4% with epinephrine 1:200,000 
E)  Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 
A)  Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 
B)  Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:50,000 
C)  Mepivacaine 2% with levonordefrin 1:20,000 
D)  Prilocaine 4% with epinephrine 1:200,000 
E)  Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000

Question 7

Which of the following agents are the most likely to precipitate malignant hyperthermia: (1)halothane, (2)lidocaine, (3)mepivacaine, (4)succinylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  2, 3, 4 
C)  2, 3 
D)  1, 4 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  2, 3, 4 
C)  2, 3 
D)  1, 4

Question 8

Patients who are allergic to procaine are not likely to display cross-hypersensitivity to lidocaine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Repolarization of a nerve occurs by:

Accepted Answer

A)  influx of potassium. 
B)  influx of sodium. 
C)  efflux of potassium. 
D)  efflux of calcium. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  influx of potassium. 
B)  influx of sodium. 
C)  efflux of potassium. 
D)  efflux of calcium. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 10

Which of the following local anesthetics is safest to use for dental treatment for a pregnant woman?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mepivacaine 
B)  Lidocaine 
C)  Articaine 
D)  Bupivacaine 
A)  Mepivacaine 
B)  Lidocaine 
C)  Articaine 
D)  Bupivacaine

Question 11

Local anesthetics cross:

Accepted Answer

A)  the placenta and blood-brain barrier. 
B)  the placenta but not the blood-brain barrier. 
C)  the blood-brain barrier but not the placenta. 
D)  neither the placenta nor the blood-brain barrier. 
A)  the placenta and blood-brain barrier. 
B)  the placenta but not the blood-brain barrier. 
C)  the blood-brain barrier but not the placenta. 
D)  neither the placenta nor the blood-brain barrier.

Question 12

Which local anesthetic agent is derived from thiophene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetracaine 
B)  Bupivacaine 
C)  Articaine 
D)  Propoxycaine 
A)  Tetracaine 
B)  Bupivacaine 
C)  Articaine 
D)  Propoxycaine

Question 13

Which of the following local anesthetics may be combined for injection-free local anesthesia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Articaine and bupivacaine 
B)  Lidocaine and prilocaine 
C)  Benzocaine and tetracaine 
D)  Lidocaine and articaine 
A)  Articaine and bupivacaine 
B)  Lidocaine and prilocaine 
C)  Benzocaine and tetracaine 
D)  Lidocaine and articaine

Question 14

The cationic form of a local anesthetic is needed to penetrate the nerve membrane, and the free base form exerts blocking action by binding to the specific receptor site.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both parts of the statement are true. 
B)  Both parts of the statement are false. 
C)  The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false. 
D)  The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true. 
A)  Both parts of the statement are true. 
B)  Both parts of the statement are false. 
C)  The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false. 
D)  The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.

Question 15

Levonordefrin is more potent than epinephrine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Epinephrine is combined with local anesthetics so as to:

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance absorption. 
B)  prolong duration. 
C)  delay onset. 
D)  increase potency. 
A)  enhance absorption. 
B)  prolong duration. 
C)  delay onset. 
D)  increase potency.

Question 17

Which of the following local anesthetics has the longest duration of action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lidocaine 
B)  Mepivacaine 
C)  Prilocaine 
D)  Bupivacaine 
A)  Lidocaine 
B)  Mepivacaine 
C)  Prilocaine 
D)  Bupivacaine

Question 18

Patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure, hyperthyroidism, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmias and those who have had a myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident in the past _____ should make an appointment for elective dental treatment only after their medical condition is under control.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 weeks 
B)  3 months 
C)  6 months 
D)  12 months 
A)  6 weeks 
B)  3 months 
C)  6 months 
D)  12 months

Question 19

The vasoconstrictors are members of the autonomic nervous system drugs called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenergic agonists 
B)  adrenergic antagonists 
C)  cholinergic agonists 
D)  cholinergic antagonists 
A)  adrenergic agonists 
B)  adrenergic antagonists 
C)  cholinergic agonists 
D)  cholinergic antagonists

Question 20

The maximal safe dose of epinephrine for the cardiac patient is _____ mg.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.02 
B)  0.04 
C)  0.2 
D)  0.4 
A)  0.02 
B)  0.04 
C)  0.2 
D)  0.4

Exam 9: Local Anesthetics

Which of the following dental local anesthetics are available without vasoconstrictor? (Select all that apply.)

Amide local anesthetics are metabolized:

Which of the following dental local anesthetic agents is available in a 1.7 ml dental cartridge unlike the more common 1.8 ml dental cartridge?

Use of skin testing to determine local anesthetic allergies is not reliable.

Which of the following statements is true of mepivacaine?

Which of the following dental local anesthetics is associated with an increased incidence of paresthesia following an inferior alveolar (IA)block?

Which of the following agents are the most likely to precipitate malignant hyperthermia: (1)halothane, (2)lidocaine, (3)mepivacaine, (4)succinylcholine?

Patients who are allergic to procaine are not likely to display cross-hypersensitivity to lidocaine.

Repolarization of a nerve occurs by:

Which of the following local anesthetics is safest to use for dental treatment for a pregnant woman?

Local anesthetics cross:

Which local anesthetic agent is derived from thiophene?

Which of the following local anesthetics may be combined for injection-free local anesthesia?

The cationic form of a local anesthetic is needed to penetrate the nerve membrane, and the free base form exerts blocking action by binding to the specific receptor site.

Levonordefrin is more potent than epinephrine.

Epinephrine is combined with local anesthetics so as to:

Which of the following local anesthetics has the longest duration of action?

The vasoconstrictors are members of the autonomic nervous system drugs called the:

The maximal safe dose of epinephrine for the cardiac patient is _____ mg.

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