Question 1

According to the text, the English radical (democratic)tradition acquired all the following from Thomas Paine EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) a faith in reason and the basic goodness of people. 
B) a deep respect for organized religion. 
C) a belief that the goal of government is the happiness of ordinary people. 
D) admiration for the society being created in the United States. 
E) skepticism towards established institutions. 
A) a faith in reason and the basic goodness of people. 
B) a deep respect for organized religion. 
C) a belief that the goal of government is the happiness of ordinary people. 
D) admiration for the society being created in the United States. 
E) skepticism towards established institutions.

Question 2

What did romantics seek in the study of history?

Accepted Answer

A) the uniqueness of historical moments 
B) instructional lessons for improved behavior 
C) general laws of human behavior 
D) a better understanding of the present 
E) none of the above 
A) the uniqueness of historical moments 
B) instructional lessons for improved behavior 
C) general laws of human behavior 
D) a better understanding of the present 
E) none of the above

Question 3

One of the earliest literary expressions of the romantic sensibility, also associated with the Enlightenment was

Accepted Answer

A) Voltaire's Candide . 
B) Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason . 
C) Rousseau's Confessions . 
D) Diderot's Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown. 
E) Montesquieu's Persian Letters. 
A) Voltaire's Candide . 
B) Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason . 
C) Rousseau's Confessions . 
D) Diderot's Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown. 
E) Montesquieu's Persian Letters.

Question 4

Hegel's theories about the state praised

Accepted Answer

A) the undemocratic Prussian state. 
B) the constitutional monarchy of Great Britain. 
C) republican governments like the French Republic in the 1790s. 
D) utopian socialism. 
E) the United States. 
A) the undemocratic Prussian state. 
B) the constitutional monarchy of Great Britain. 
C) republican governments like the French Republic in the 1790s. 
D) utopian socialism. 
E) the United States.

Question 5

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Refer to the ideas of three leading theorists who influenced early nineteenth-century conservative thought. On what premises did they base their arguments about government and society?

Accepted Answer

The early nineteenth-century conservativ

Question 6

The term Young Hegelians refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the docents at the University of Berlin who followed their master teacher. 
B) former students of Hegel who spread his ideas in the German gymnasia. 
C) those who believed an understanding of the dialectic could lead to change in the world. 
D) conservatives who accepted the world as it was because it was the result of a rational dialectic. 
E) philosophers who acknowledged that their understanding had not yet reach Hegel's level. 
A) the docents at the University of Berlin who followed their master teacher. 
B) former students of Hegel who spread his ideas in the German gymnasia. 
C) those who believed an understanding of the dialectic could lead to change in the world. 
D) conservatives who accepted the world as it was because it was the result of a rational dialectic. 
E) philosophers who acknowledged that their understanding had not yet reach Hegel's level.

Question 7

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What were the varieties of early socialism, and who were their representatives? How successful were early socialists in creating the society they desired?

Accepted Answer

Early socialism was a diverse and multif

Question 8

The German romantic image of the state has been tied to

Accepted Answer

A) the concept of the state as the expression of the divine spirit of a people. 
B) the idea of the state as a living organism rather than an rational arrangement among individuals. 
C) the ideal of the state uniting the people into a mystical communion based on blood. 
D) modern totalitarianism. 
E) all of the above 
A) the concept of the state as the expression of the divine spirit of a people. 
B) the idea of the state as a living organism rather than an rational arrangement among individuals. 
C) the ideal of the state uniting the people into a mystical communion based on blood. 
D) modern totalitarianism. 
E) all of the above

Question 9

How did the liberal British government handle the Irish famine that killed about 1.5 million people in the 1840s?

Accepted Answer

A) The liberal government did nothing because it was unaware of the famine. 
B) The liberal government did very little because it feared government intervention would promote dependence. 
C) The liberal government acted very energetically to save lives, but the task was overwhelming. 
D) The liberal government financed transportation for all those who were willing to emigrate to the United States, Australia, and South Africa. 
E) The liberal government did very little because it was voted out of office early in the famine. 
A) The liberal government did nothing because it was unaware of the famine. 
B) The liberal government did very little because it feared government intervention would promote dependence. 
C) The liberal government acted very energetically to save lives, but the task was overwhelming. 
D) The liberal government financed transportation for all those who were willing to emigrate to the United States, Australia, and South Africa. 
E) The liberal government did very little because it was voted out of office early in the famine.

Question 10

For conservatives, the only legitimate sources of political authority were

Accepted Answer

A) the people and popular will. 
B) reason and the mechanics of the state machine. 
C) constitutions and laws. 
D) God and history. 
E) emotion and experience. 
A) the people and popular will. 
B) reason and the mechanics of the state machine. 
C) constitutions and laws. 
D) God and history. 
E) emotion and experience.

Question 11

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What were the main characteristics of nineteenth-century liberalism, and in what ways did it represent an engagement with Enlightenment ideals? Draw on specific examples of liberal doctrines and figures to support your assessment.

Accepted Answer

The nineteenth-century liberalism was ch

Question 12

The text refers to the preface of The Lyrical Ballads as

Accepted Answer

A) the death toll of Enlightenment rationality. 
B) a cogent attack on Kantian philosophy. 
C) the manifesto of romanticism. 
D) a musician's response to the industrial age. 
E) a door to the human soul. 
A) the death toll of Enlightenment rationality. 
B) a cogent attack on Kantian philosophy. 
C) the manifesto of romanticism. 
D) a musician's response to the industrial age. 
E) a door to the human soul.

Question 13

The nobleman de Tocqueville argued that in a democracy

Accepted Answer

A) one might eventually develop vulgar hedonism, an interest in possessions rather than interest in the public good. 
B) the majority would retain its concern for protecting the individual and the individual's beliefs. 
C) local government will remain secure, for citizens would rarely have occasion to surrender their power to the central government. 
D) one need not be concerned about the tyranny of the majority. 
E) natural privileges are ignored much to the detriment of society. 
A) one might eventually develop vulgar hedonism, an interest in possessions rather than interest in the public good. 
B) the majority would retain its concern for protecting the individual and the individual's beliefs. 
C) local government will remain secure, for citizens would rarely have occasion to surrender their power to the central government. 
D) one need not be concerned about the tyranny of the majority. 
E) natural privileges are ignored much to the detriment of society.

Question 14

The most significant difference between early socialists and Marx was

Accepted Answer

A) early socialists did not advocate class warfare; Marx did. 
B) early socialists could be religious; Marx believed that religion was simply a tool for exploitation. 
C) early socialists sought the good of the workers; Marx did not. 
D) early socialists did not want to change the existing social order; Marx did. 
E) all early socialist were workers; Marx was an intellectual. 
A) early socialists did not advocate class warfare; Marx did. 
B) early socialists could be religious; Marx believed that religion was simply a tool for exploitation. 
C) early socialists sought the good of the workers; Marx did not. 
D) early socialists did not want to change the existing social order; Marx did. 
E) all early socialist were workers; Marx was an intellectual.

Question 15

Who wrote the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding?

Accepted Answer

A) Hume 
B) Wordsworth 
C) Blake 
D) Kant 
E) Fichte 
A) Hume 
B) Wordsworth 
C) Blake 
D) Kant 
E) Fichte

Question 16

When English romantics referred to "dark satanic mills," the reference was to

Accepted Answer

A) factories. 
B) mines. 
C) poor houses. 
D) tenement sweat shops. 
E) the guild member's workshop. 
A) factories. 
B) mines. 
C) poor houses. 
D) tenement sweat shops. 
E) the guild member's workshop.

Question 17

The radical romantic painter and poet William Blake

Accepted Answer

A) conveyed tormented religious and political beliefs in his work. 
B) was stimulated by Dante's  Divine Comedy. 
C) wrote that reason was "an Incrustation [scab] over my Immortal Spirit." 
D) completely rejected the artistic conventions of the past. 
E) all of the above 
A) conveyed tormented religious and political beliefs in his work. 
B) was stimulated by Dante's  Divine Comedy. 
C) wrote that reason was "an Incrustation [scab] over my Immortal Spirit." 
D) completely rejected the artistic conventions of the past. 
E) all of the above

Question 18

During the nineteenth century, socialists and liberals would have agreed on which of the following points?

Accepted Answer

A) A scientific approach to problems is good for science, but not for society. 
B) Supporting individualism would be the key to reform. 
C) Abolishing private property would solve societal injustice. 
D) There must be a rational analysis of society in order to make improvements. 
E) Only government action can solve the worst of society's problems. 
A) A scientific approach to problems is good for science, but not for society. 
B) Supporting individualism would be the key to reform. 
C) Abolishing private property would solve societal injustice. 
D) There must be a rational analysis of society in order to make improvements. 
E) Only government action can solve the worst of society's problems.

Question 19

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What was German idealism? How was it connected to the other "isms" of the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

German idealism was a philosophical move

Question 20

The early socialist Saint-Simon believed in all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) workers should control the workplace. 
B) science should replace Christianity as the unifying principle in society. 
C) the new social elite should consist of scientists, industrialists, bankers, artists, and writers. 
D) technocrats should organize society scientifically. 
E) technology should be harnessed for the betterment of humanity. 
A) workers should control the workplace. 
B) science should replace Christianity as the unifying principle in society. 
C) the new social elite should consist of scientists, industrialists, bankers, artists, and writers. 
D) technocrats should organize society scientifically. 
E) technology should be harnessed for the betterment of humanity.

Exam 21: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century

According to the text, the English radical (democratic)tradition acquired all the following from Thomas Paine EXCEPT

What did romantics seek in the study of history?

One of the earliest literary expressions of the romantic sensibility, also associated with the Enlightenment was

Hegel's theories about the state praised

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Refer to the ideas of three leading theorists who influenced early nineteenth-century conservative thought. On what premises did they base their arguments about government and society?

The term Young Hegelians refers to

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What were the varieties of early socialism, and who were their representatives? How successful were early socialists in creating the society they desired?

The German romantic image of the state has been tied to

How did the liberal British government handle the Irish famine that killed about 1.5 million people in the 1840s?

For conservatives, the only legitimate sources of political authority were

The text refers to the preface of The Lyrical Ballads as

The nobleman de Tocqueville argued that in a democracy

The most significant difference between early socialists and Marx was

Who wrote the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding?

When English romantics referred to "dark satanic mills," the reference was to

The radical romantic painter and poet William Blake

During the nineteenth century, socialists and liberals would have agreed on which of the following points?

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What was German idealism? How was it connected to the other "isms" of the nineteenth century?

The early socialist Saint-Simon believed in all the following EXCEPT

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State Democratic Politics

Greek Thought From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire a World-State

Early Christianity a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome Byzantium Islam and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages Vitality and Enewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The Age of Enlightenment Reason and Reform

The French Revolution the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution the Great Transformation

Revolution and Counterrevolution 1815-1848

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Realism and Social Criticism

The Surge of Nationalism From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism

The Industrial West Responses to Modernization

Imperialism Western Global Dominance

Modern Consciousness New Views of Nature Human Nature and the Arts

World War I the West in Despair

An Era of Totalitarianism

Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism

World War II Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War II Recovery and Realignment 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

Filters