Question 1

The method of inquiry called dialectics, or logical discussion, is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) the Sophists. 
B) Socrates. 
C) Plato. 
D) Aristotle. 
E) Herodotus. 
A) the Sophists. 
B) Socrates. 
C) Plato. 
D) Aristotle. 
E) Herodotus. B

Question 2

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Use information from both Chapters 3 and 4 to answer the following question: The author stresses the importance of the Greeks and the Hebrews as two sources of Western civilization. Based on the information present to this point, compare and contrast the contribution of each.

Accepted Answer

The Greeks and the Hebrews both made significant contributions to Western civilization, but their contributions were distinct in nature.

The Greeks were known for their advancements in philosophy, mathematics, and science. They developed the concept of democracy, which has had a lasting impact on Western political thought. Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the foundation for Western philosophy and ethics. Their mathematical and scientific discoveries, such as the Pythagorean theorem and the development of the scientific method, have also had a profound influence on Western thought and knowledge.

On the other hand, the Hebrews made significant contributions to Western civilization through their religious and ethical teachings. The Hebrew Bible, or the Old Testament, has had a profound impact on Western religious and moral thought. The Hebrews introduced the concept of monotheism, the belief in one God, which has been a central tenet of Western religious thought. Their ethical teachings, as outlined in the Ten Commandments, have also had a lasting impact on Western moral and legal systems.

While the Greeks and the Hebrews made distinct contributions to Western civilization, there are also some similarities between their contributions. Both cultures placed a strong emphasis on the importance of reason and rational thought, which has been a defining characteristic of Western civilization. Additionally, both cultures valued the pursuit of knowledge and the development of ethical principles, which have been foundational to Western intellectual and moral thought.

In conclusion, the Greeks and the Hebrews made significant and distinct contributions to Western civilization. The Greeks contributed to Western thought through their advancements in philosophy, mathematics, and science, while the Hebrews contributed through their religious and ethical teachings. Both cultures have had a lasting impact on Western civilization and continue to influence Western thought and culture to this day.

Question 3

Which of the following CANNOT be associated with the Ionians?

Accepted Answer

A) ethics as the heart of philosophic speculation 
B) curiosity about the essential substance that gave rise to all physical phenomena 
C) physical explanations accounting for natural phenomena 
D) nature no longer manipulated by the gods or subject to chance 
E) the ability of the human intellect to grasp nature's hidden structure 
A) ethics as the heart of philosophic speculation 
B) curiosity about the essential substance that gave rise to all physical phenomena 
C) physical explanations accounting for natural phenomena 
D) nature no longer manipulated by the gods or subject to chance 
E) the ability of the human intellect to grasp nature's hidden structure A

Question 4

The text argues that the immense historical importance of the development of rational thought in Greece was

Accepted Answer

A) the total elimination of myth from the life and thought of most Greeks. 
B) its completion by the time of Plato. 
C) the Greek balance between belief in divine forces and reason. 
D) the fact that the Greeks originated the norm of reason and applied it consciously to intellectual and social life. 
E) all of the above 
A) the total elimination of myth from the life and thought of most Greeks. 
B) its completion by the time of Plato. 
C) the Greek balance between belief in divine forces and reason. 
D) the fact that the Greeks originated the norm of reason and applied it consciously to intellectual and social life. 
E) all of the above

Question 5

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 sophrosyne

Accepted Answer

Sophrosyne is a concept that originates

Question 6

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Which school of Greek philosophy took an essentially pragmatic approach to knowledge? To which contemporary influences was this school responding and what were some of its conclusions?

Accepted Answer

The school of Greek philosophy that took

Question 7

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Explain why Socrates was a central figure in Greek philosophy and why Athens put him to death. What was Socrates' significant contribution to the Western tradition?

Accepted Answer

Socrates was a central figure in Greek p

Question 8

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. How did early Greek cosmologists explain the origin of the world? How and why did their ideas differ?

Accepted Answer

Early Greek cosmologists, also known as

Question 9

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Compare and contrast the questions explored by the cosmologists, the Sophists, and Socrates. What knowledge did each seek, and how did each pursue that knowledge?

Accepted Answer

The questions explored by the cosmologis

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of Pythagoras and the Ionian philosophers?

Accepted Answer

A) Pythagoras was the Ionian philosopher who believed the primary substance was air and that the sun's rays falling through dense air caused the rainbow. 
B) Unlike the Ionians, Pythagoras is credited with inventing formal logic. 
C) Unlike the "matter philosophers," Pythagoras believed in the one True Being, transcendent, permanent, and perfect. 
D) Pythagoras believed that the nature was not made of a primary substance, as the Ionians believed, but out of mathematical relationships. 
E) Unlike the "matter philosophers," Pythagoras believed that the mathematical harmony of the universe expressed the perfect thoughts of the True Being. 
A) Pythagoras was the Ionian philosopher who believed the primary substance was air and that the sun's rays falling through dense air caused the rainbow. 
B) Unlike the Ionians, Pythagoras is credited with inventing formal logic. 
C) Unlike the "matter philosophers," Pythagoras believed in the one True Being, transcendent, permanent, and perfect. 
D) Pythagoras believed that the nature was not made of a primary substance, as the Ionians believed, but out of mathematical relationships. 
E) Unlike the "matter philosophers," Pythagoras believed that the mathematical harmony of the universe expressed the perfect thoughts of the True Being.

Question 11

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. How did the Peloponnesian War influence various Greek philosophers, historians, and playwrights?

Accepted Answer

The Peloponnesian War, which took place

Question 12

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 ethics

Accepted Answer

Ethics is the branch of philosophy that

Question 13

Plato believed all of the following would be true of the ideal state EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) men and women should receive the same education and have equal access to all occupations, including that of the philosopher-ruler. 
B) the division of society should correspond to the three divisions of the soul: reason (rulers), spiritedness (soldiers), and desire (working population). 
C) the government should have checks and balances and be divided into three branches. 
D) only the "possessors of truth" would be allowed to rule. 
E) rulers could not have property or families. 
A) men and women should receive the same education and have equal access to all occupations, including that of the philosopher-ruler. 
B) the division of society should correspond to the three divisions of the soul: reason (rulers), spiritedness (soldiers), and desire (working population). 
C) the government should have checks and balances and be divided into three branches. 
D) only the "possessors of truth" would be allowed to rule. 
E) rulers could not have property or families.

Question 14

One of the chief concerns of Aeschylus involved the

Accepted Answer

A) decline of the Mycenaeans. 
B) weakening moral fiber of Athenian youth. 
C) individual in conflict with the moral universe. 
D) freedom of Greek women. 
E) tragedy of the Peloponnesian War. 
A) decline of the Mycenaeans. 
B) weakening moral fiber of Athenian youth. 
C) individual in conflict with the moral universe. 
D) freedom of Greek women. 
E) tragedy of the Peloponnesian War.

Question 15

How did Athens, the center of Greek culture, treat Socrates?

Accepted Answer

A) Athens agreed with his suggestion to give him free room and board when he grew old and to guarantee his young children a free state-sponsored education. 
B) Socrates was exiled after the Peloponnesian War. 
C) Using monies from the Delian League, Athens funded his new center of learning called the Academy. 
D) Athens convicted him of corrupting the youth, denying the city's gods, and believing in new ones. He was ordered to commit suicide. 
E) The Athenians largely ignored him, letting him be a voice in the desert, unheard and ineffective. 
A) Athens agreed with his suggestion to give him free room and board when he grew old and to guarantee his young children a free state-sponsored education. 
B) Socrates was exiled after the Peloponnesian War. 
C) Using monies from the Delian League, Athens funded his new center of learning called the Academy. 
D) Athens convicted him of corrupting the youth, denying the city's gods, and believing in new ones. He was ordered to commit suicide. 
E) The Athenians largely ignored him, letting him be a voice in the desert, unheard and ineffective.

Question 16

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 Sophists

Accepted Answer

The Sophists were a group of ancient Gre

Question 17

Aristotle's ethics held that a person should

Accepted Answer

A) practice moderation in all things including the restraint of emotions. 
B) follow the will of the majority since law is based on reason manifested by a community of thinking people. 
C) suppress his passions and all other irrational tendencies. 
D) follow tradition , which manifests the wisdom of the ages. 
E) conform his will to the will of God. 
A) practice moderation in all things including the restraint of emotions. 
B) follow the will of the majority since law is based on reason manifested by a community of thinking people. 
C) suppress his passions and all other irrational tendencies. 
D) follow tradition , which manifests the wisdom of the ages. 
E) conform his will to the will of God.

Question 18

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the approach to history of ancient peoples?

Accepted Answer

A) Like the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, the Greeks rejected critical analysis and interpretation in the writing of history. 
B) All ancient societies, including the Greeks, considered history the record of divine wrath or benevolence. 
C) The Greeks based their histories of human actions on available evidence. 
D) Both the Hebrews and Greeks removed historical events from the realm of religious-mythical thought. 
E) The Greek achievement in history represented the synthesis of the innovations of earlier societies. 
A) Like the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, the Greeks rejected critical analysis and interpretation in the writing of history. 
B) All ancient societies, including the Greeks, considered history the record of divine wrath or benevolence. 
C) The Greeks based their histories of human actions on available evidence. 
D) Both the Hebrews and Greeks removed historical events from the realm of religious-mythical thought. 
E) The Greek achievement in history represented the synthesis of the innovations of earlier societies.

Question 19

The text makes all the following connections EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) just as a Greek sculptor shaped a clear visual image of the human form, so also a Greek dramatist brought the inner life of human beings into sharp focus. 
B) like the natural philosophers, Greek dramatists saw an inner logic in the universe and called it Fate or Destiny. 
C) the dialogue between thinking individuals in Greek drama paralleled Socratic dialectics. 
D) Greek art and drama evidenced a growing self-awareness of the individual. 
E) like Parmenides and Plato, Greek dramatists focused on the world beyond sensory perception. 
A) just as a Greek sculptor shaped a clear visual image of the human form, so also a Greek dramatist brought the inner life of human beings into sharp focus. 
B) like the natural philosophers, Greek dramatists saw an inner logic in the universe and called it Fate or Destiny. 
C) the dialogue between thinking individuals in Greek drama paralleled Socratic dialectics. 
D) Greek art and drama evidenced a growing self-awareness of the individual. 
E) like Parmenides and Plato, Greek dramatists focused on the world beyond sensory perception.

Question 20

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 Parthenon

Accepted Answer

The Parthenon is a temple located on the

Exam 4: Greek Thought From Myth to Reason

The method of inquiry called dialectics, or logical discussion, is associated with

Which of the following CANNOT be associated with the Ionians?

The text argues that the immense historical importance of the development of rational thought in Greece was

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? sophrosyne

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Which school of Greek philosophy took an essentially pragmatic approach to knowledge? To which contemporary influences was this school responding and what were some of its conclusions?

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Explain why Socrates was a central figure in Greek philosophy and why Athens put him to death. What was Socrates' significant contribution to the Western tradition?

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. How did early Greek cosmologists explain the origin of the world? How and why did their ideas differ?

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Compare and contrast the questions explored by the cosmologists, the Sophists, and Socrates. What knowledge did each seek, and how did each pursue that knowledge?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of Pythagoras and the Ionian philosophers?

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. How did the Peloponnesian War influence various Greek philosophers, historians, and playwrights?

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? ethics

Plato believed all of the following would be true of the ideal state EXCEPT

One of the chief concerns of Aeschylus involved the

How did Athens, the center of Greek culture, treat Socrates?

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? Sophists

Aristotle's ethics held that a person should

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the approach to history of ancient peoples?

The text makes all the following connections EXCEPT

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? Parthenon

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State Democratic Politics

The Hellenistic Age Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire a World-State

Early Christianity a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome Byzantium Islam and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages Vitality and Enewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The Age of Enlightenment Reason and Reform

The French Revolution the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution the Great Transformation

Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century

Revolution and Counterrevolution 1815-1848

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Realism and Social Criticism

The Surge of Nationalism From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism

The Industrial West Responses to Modernization

Imperialism Western Global Dominance

Modern Consciousness New Views of Nature Human Nature and the Arts

World War I the West in Despair

An Era of Totalitarianism

Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism

World War II Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War II Recovery and Realignment 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

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